bayanin samfurin

Sunan samfurin: Benzyl chloride

Sunan Ingilishi: Benzyl chloride

Lambar CAS 100-44-7

Benzyl chloride, wanda aka fi sani da benzyl chloride da toluene chloride, ruwa ne mara launi wanda ke da ƙamshi mai ƙarfi. Ana iya mirgine shi da sinadarai masu narkewa kamar chloroform, ethanol, da ether. Ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa amma yana iya ƙafewa da tururin ruwa. Tururinsa yana ɓata wa mucous membranes na idanu rai kuma yana da ƙarfi wajen haifar da hawaye. A lokaci guda, benzyl chloride shi ma matsakaici ne a cikin haɗakar kwayoyin halitta kuma ana amfani da shi sosai wajen haɗa rini, magungunan kashe ƙwari, ƙamshi na roba, sabulun wanki, masu yin filastik, da magunguna.

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na haɗa benzyl chloride, waɗanda suka haɗa da hanyar haɗa benzyl alcohol chlorine, hanyar chloromethyl, hanyar haɗa toluene catalytic, da sauransu. Daga cikinsu, hanyar haɗa benzyl alcohol chlorine ana samun ta ne ta hanyar amsawar benzyl alcohol da hydrochloric acid. Ita ce hanyar haɗa benzyl chloride ta farko. Hanyar chloromethyl kuma hanya ce ta masana'antu ta farko. Kayan aikinta sune benzene da benzaldehyde (ko trimerformaldehyde). Ana amfani da zinc chloride mai hana ruwa a matsayin mai haɓaka. A halin yanzu, hanyar haɗa toluene catalytic chlorine ita ce hanyar samar da benzyl chloride mafi yawan masana'antu, kuma ana iya raba sinadarin chlorine na toluene zuwa sinadarin chlorine na photocatalytic da kuma sinadarin chlorine mai ƙarancin zafin jiki. Duk da haka, hanyar haɗa photocatalytic chlorine tana buƙatar shigar da tushen haske a cikin kayan aiki, wanda ke da halaye na wahalar sarrafa amsawar, halayen gefe da yawa, da tsada mai yawa. Hanyar chlorine mai ƙarancin zafin jiki tana amfani da ɗaya ko fiye na dibenzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, da acetamide a matsayin mai haɓaka amsawar toluene da chlorine a ƙananan zafin jiki, ta amfani da ƙarancin zafin jiki da chlorine. Sarrafa ƙimar amsawar don inganta ƙimar juyawa da zaɓi, amma har yanzu ana buƙatar bincika takamaiman yanayi.

Zafin distillation na benzyl chloride yawanci ana yin sa ne a 100°C kuma bai kamata ya wuce 170°C ba. Wannan saboda benzyl chloride abu ne mai saurin kamuwa da zafi. Idan zafin ya yi yawa, za a sami amsawar polymerization kai tsaye. Idan martanin ya yi tsauri sosai, za a sami haɗarin fashewa. Saboda haka, distillation na ɗanyen benzyl chloride yana buƙatar a yi shi a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mara kyau. A lokaci guda, ya zama dole a sarrafa abun da ke cikin ion na ƙarfe a cikin maganin chlorine, saboda benzyl chloride zai fuskanci amsawar Krafts-Kreider a gaban ions na ƙarfe da zafin jiki mai yawa, kuma za a samar da wani abu mai resinous, wanda zai sa ruwan ya yi duhu kuma a saki babban adadin iskar hydrogen chloride.

Aikace-aikace

Benzyl chloride muhimmin abu ne na tsaka-tsaki na halitta. Samfurin masana'antu ruwa ne mai haske mara launi ko rawaya mai haske tare da ƙamshi mai kauri da kuma ƙarfi na lalata. Ana iya narkar da shi a cikin sinadarai masu narkewa na halitta kamar ether, chloroform, da chlorobenzene. Ana amfani da Benzyl chloride sosai a masana'antu. Ana amfani da shi galibi a fannin magungunan kashe kwari, magunguna, kayan ƙanshi, kayan taimako na rini, da kayan taimako na roba. Ana amfani da shi don haɓakawa da samar da benzaldehyde, butyl benzyl phthalate, aniline, phoxim, da benzyl chloride. Penicillin, benzyl alcohol, phenylacetonitrile, phenylacetic acid da sauran kayayyaki.

Benzyl chloride yana cikin rukunin benzyl halide na mahaɗan da ke haifar da haushi. Dangane da magungunan kashe ƙwari, ba wai kawai zai iya haɗa organophosphorus fungicides, net na shinkafa da net na iso rice blast ba, har ma ana iya amfani da shi azaman muhimmin abu ga sauran magunguna masu yawa, kamar haɗa phenylacetonitrile da benzene. Formyl chloride, m-phenoxybenzaldehyde, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da benzyl chloride sosai a magani, kayan ƙanshi, kayan taimako na rini, resins na roba, da sauransu. Yana da muhimmiyar hanyar samar da sinadarai da magunguna. Sannan sharar da kamfanoni ke samarwa a lokacin samarwa ba makawa tana ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na benzyl chloride intermediates.

Benzyl chloride kanta tana haifar da tsagewa, tana da guba sosai, tana haifar da cutar kansa, kuma tana jure wa muhalli. Tunda ana amfani da benzyl chloride sosai kuma ana amfani da ita sosai, ɗigon benzyl chloride yana zubewa yayin jigilar kaya ko kuma masana'antun daban-daban ne ke samar da shi. Ruwan sharar da ke ɗauke da benzyl chloride da kamfanin ya kawo yayin aikin samarwa ko kuma sharar ana zubar da ita kai tsaye, ko kuma ɗigon ya faru yayin aikin samarwa, wanda zai sa benzyl chloride ya shiga ƙasa kuma daga ƙarshe ya gurɓata ƙasa.

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