Yarjejeniyar Haɗin gwiwar Tattalin Arziki ta Yankin Huɗu da aka daɗe ana jira a ƙarshe ta ɗauki sabon salo. A wani taron manema labarai da aka yi a ranar 11 ga wannan watan, Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci ta sanar a hukumance cewa ƙasashe 15 sun kammala tattaunawa kan dukkan fannoni na Haɗin gwiwar Tattalin Arziki ta Yankin Huɗu (RCEP).

An warware dukkan fannoni na rashin jituwa, an kammala nazarin dukkan rubuce-rubucen shari'a, kuma mataki na gaba shi ne a tura ɓangarorin su sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar a hukumance a ranar 15 ga wannan watan.

Kwamitin RCEP, wanda ya haɗa da China, Japan, Koriya ta Kudu, MEMBOBI goma na Ƙungiyar Kasashen Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, Ostiraliya da New Zealand, zai ƙirƙiri yankin ciniki mai 'yanci mafi girma a Asiya kuma zai rufe kashi 30 cikin 100 na jimillar kayayyakin cikin gida da cinikayyar duniya. Haka kuma zai zama tsarin farko na ciniki mai 'yanci tsakanin China, Japan da Koriya ta Kudu.

Manufar RCEP ita ce ƙirƙirar yarjejeniyar ciniki mai 'yanci ga kasuwa ɗaya ta hanyar rage shingayen haraji da waɗanda ba na haraji ba. Indiya ta janye daga tattaunawar a watan Nuwamba saboda rashin jituwa kan harajin, gibin ciniki da wasu ƙasashe da kuma shingayen da ba na haraji ba, amma sauran ƙasashe 15 sun ce za su yi ƙoƙarin sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar nan da shekarar 2020.

Idan ƙurar ta lafa a kan RCEP, hakan zai bai wa cinikin ƙasashen waje na China damar cin gajiyar hakan.

Hanyar tattaunawa ta yi tsayi kuma ta yi tsauri, inda Indiya ta janye ba zato ba tsammani.

Yarjejeniyar Haɗin gwiwar Tattalin Arziki ta Yankuna (Rasha da Tattalin Arziki ta Yankuna, RCEP), ƙasashen Asiya 10 ne suka ƙaddamar da ita, sannan kuma ƙasashen China, Japan, Koriya ta Kudu, Ostiraliya, New Zealand, Indiya, sun ƙaddamar da yarjejeniyar cinikayya ta 'yanci guda shida da ƙasashen Asiya don shiga tare, jimilla ƙasashe 16, da nufin rage haraji da shingayen da ba na haraji ba, da kuma kafa kasuwanci mai 'yanci a kasuwa mai haɗin kai.

yarjejeniya. Baya ga rage harajin kwastam, an gudanar da shawarwari kan yin dokoki a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da haƙƙin mallakar fasaha, kasuwancin e-commerce (EC) da kuma hanyoyin kwastam.

Daga mahangar shirin RCEP, ASEAN ce ta tsara kuma ta tallata RCEP, yayin da China ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dukkan tsarin.

A taron kolin ASEAN karo na 21 da aka gudanar a ƙarshen shekarar 2012, ƙasashe 16 sun sanya hannu kan tsarin RCEP kuma sun sanar da fara tattaunawar a hukumance. A cikin shekaru takwas masu zuwa, an yi dogayen tattaunawa masu sarkakiya.

Firaministan kasar Sin Li Keqiang ya halarci taron shugabannin RCEP na uku a Bangkok, Thailand, a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2019. A wannan taron, RCEP ta kammala babban tattaunawar, kuma shugabannin kasashe 15 banda Indiya sun fitar da sanarwar hadin gwiwa kan RCEP, inda suka yi kira da a ci gaba da tattaunawa da nufin sanya hannu kan RCEP nan da shekarar 2020. Wannan wani muhimmin ci gaba ne ga RCEP.

Duk da haka, a wannan taron ne Indiya, wacce ra'ayinta ya canza lokaci zuwa lokaci, ta janye daga yarjejeniyar a minti na ƙarshe ta kuma yanke shawarar kin sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar RCEP. A lokacin, Firayim Ministan Indiya Narendra Modi ya ambaci rashin jituwa kan harajin kwastam, gibin ciniki da wasu ƙasashe da kuma shingayen da ba na haraji ba a matsayin dalilin da ya sa Indiya ta ƙi sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar RCEP.

Nihon Keizai Shimbun ya taɓa yin nazari kan wannan kuma ya ce:

A tattaunawar, akwai babban yanayi na rikici saboda Indiya tana da babban gibin ciniki da China kuma tana fargabar cewa rage harajin zai shafi masana'antun cikin gida. A matakai na ƙarshe na tattaunawar, Indiya kuma tana son kare masana'antunta; Ganin cewa tattalin arzikin ƙasarsa ya tsaya cak, Mista Modi ya mayar da hankalinsa ga batutuwan cikin gida kamar rashin aikin yi da talauci, waɗanda suka fi damuwa fiye da 'yancin kasuwanci.

Firayim Ministan Indiya Narendra Modi zai halarci taron kolin kasashen yankin Asiya a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2019

Dangane da waɗannan damuwar, Geng Shuang, kakakin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen China a wancan lokacin, ya jaddada cewa China ba ta da niyyar neman ƙarin ciniki da Indiya, kuma ɓangarorin biyu za su iya ƙara faɗaɗa tunaninsu da faɗaɗa haɗin gwiwarsu. China a shirye take ta yi aiki da dukkan ɓangarorin cikin fahimtar juna da kuma amincewa don ci gaba da shawarwari don warware matsalolin da Indiya ke fuskanta a tattaunawar, kuma tana maraba da shigar Indiya cikin Yarjejeniyar da wuri.

Ganin yadda Indiya ta fuskanci koma-baya kwatsam, wasu ƙasashe suna fama da wahalar tantance ainihin manufarta. Misali, wasu ƙasashen ASEAN, waɗanda suka gaji da halin Indiya, sun gabatar da yarjejeniyar "keɓe Indiya" a matsayin zaɓi a cikin tattaunawar. Manufar ita ce a fara kammala tattaunawar, a ƙarfafa ciniki a cikin yankin da kuma samun "sakamako" da wuri-wuri.

A gefe guda kuma, Japan ta sha nanata muhimmancin Indiya a tattaunawar RCEP, tana nuna halin "ba tare da Indiya ba". A wancan lokacin, wasu kafofin watsa labarai na Japan sun ce Japan ta yi adawa da "keɓe Indiya" saboda tana fatan Indiya za ta iya shiga cikin "ra'ayin Indo-Pacific mai 'yanci da buɗewa" da Japan da Amurka suka gabatar a matsayin dabarun tattalin arziki da diflomasiyya, wanda ya cimma manufar "ƙuntata" China.

Yanzu, da kasashe 15 suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar RCEP, Japan ta amince da cewa Indiya ba za ta shiga ba.

Zai haɓaka ci gaban GDP na yankuna, kuma mahimmancin RCEP ya ƙara bayyana a gaban annobar

Ga dukkan yankin Asiya da Pasifik, RCEP tana wakiltar babbar dama ta kasuwanci. Zhang Jianping, darektan Cibiyar Bincike kan Haɗin gwiwar Tattalin Arziki ta Yankuna a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci, ya nuna cewa RCEP za ta rufe manyan kasuwanni biyu na duniya waɗanda ke da mafi girman damar ci gaba, kasuwar China mai mutane biliyan 1.4 da kasuwar ASEAN mai mutane sama da miliyan 600. A lokaci guda, waɗannan tattalin arziki 15, a matsayin manyan injunan ci gaban tattalin arziki a yankin Asiya da Pasifik, suma muhimman hanyoyin ci gaban duniya ne.

Zhang Jianping ya nuna cewa da zarar an aiwatar da yarjejeniyar, buƙatar cinikayyar juna a yankin za ta karu cikin sauri saboda babban cire shingen haraji da na rashin haraji da kuma shingen saka hannun jari, wanda shine tasirin ƙirƙirar ciniki. A lokaci guda, ciniki da abokan hulɗa waɗanda ba na yanki ba za a mayar da shi wani ɓangare zuwa cinikin cikin yankuna, wanda shine tasirin canja wurin ciniki. A ɓangaren saka hannun jari, yarjejeniyar za ta kuma kawo ƙarin ƙirƙirar saka hannun jari. Saboda haka, RCEP za ta haɓaka ci gaban GDP na dukkan yankin, ta ƙirƙiri ƙarin ayyukan yi da kuma inganta jin daɗin dukkan ƙasashe.

Annobar duniya tana yaduwa cikin sauri, tattalin arzikin duniya yana cikin mawuyacin hali, kuma rashin yarda da juna da cin zarafi sun yi yawa. A matsayinta na muhimmiyar memba a hadin gwiwar yankin Gabas ta Asiya, China ta jagoranci yaki da annobar da kuma farfado da ci gaban tattalin arziki. Dangane da wannan batu, taron ya kamata ya aika da muhimman sakonni kamar haka:

Da farko, muna buƙatar ƙara ƙarfin gwiwa da ƙarfafa haɗin kai. Amincewa ya fi muhimmanci fiye da zinariya. Haɗin kai da haɗin kai ne kawai za su iya hana da kuma shawo kan annobar.

Na biyu, zurfafa hadin gwiwa a kan cutar covid-19. Yayin da tsaunuka da koguna suka raba mu, muna jin daɗin hasken wata ɗaya a sararin samaniya ɗaya. Tun bayan barkewar annobar, China da sauran ƙasashe a yankin sun yi aiki tare kuma sun tallafa wa juna. Ya kamata dukkan ɓangarorin su ƙara zurfafa haɗin gwiwa a fannin lafiyar jama'a.

Na uku, za mu mai da hankali kan ci gaban tattalin arziki. Duniyar tattalin arziki, 'yancin kasuwanci da haɗin gwiwar yankuna suna da mahimmanci don haɗa kai wajen yaƙi da annobar, haɓaka murmurewa tattalin arziki da daidaita sarkar samar da kayayyaki da sarkar masana'antu. China a shirye take ta yi aiki tare da ƙasashe a yankin don gina hanyoyin sadarwa na "hanyar sauri" da "hanyar kore" don ma'aikata da musayar kaya don taimakawa sake fara aiki da samarwa da kuma jagorantar murmurewa tattalin arziki.

Na huɗu, muna buƙatar bin jagorancin haɗin gwiwar yankuna da kuma magance bambance-bambance yadda ya kamata. Ya kamata dukkan ɓangarorin su goyi bayan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu, su goyi bayan tsakiyar ASEAN, su bi tsarin haɗin gwiwa, su daidaita matsayin jin daɗin juna, su guji shigar da bambance-bambancen ƙasashen biyu cikin tsarin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu da sauran muhimman ƙa'idodi, sannan su yi aiki tare don kare zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a Tekun Kudancin China.

RCEP yarjejeniya ce ta kasuwanci mai 'yanci, ta zamani, mai inganci kuma mai amfani ga dukkan bangarorin biyu.

Akwai wani bayani a cikin sanarwar haɗin gwiwa ta Bangkok da ta gabata wanda ya bayyana surori 20 na yarjejeniyar da taken kowace babi. Dangane da waɗannan abubuwan da aka lura, mun san cewa RCEP za ta zama cikakkiyar yarjejeniya ta kasuwanci mai 'yanci, ta zamani, mai inganci kuma mai amfani ga juna.

Yarjejeniyar ciniki ce mai cikakken tsari. Tana da babi 20, ciki har da muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi FTA, cinikin kayayyaki, cinikin ayyuka, samun damar saka hannun jari da kuma ƙa'idodi masu dacewa.

Yarjejeniyar ciniki ce ta zamani. Ta haɗa da kasuwanci ta intanet, haƙƙin mallakar fasaha, manufofin gasa, sayayya ta gwamnati, ƙananan da matsakaitan kamfanoni da sauran abubuwan zamani.
Yarjejeniyar ciniki ce mai inganci. Dangane da cinikin kayayyaki, matakin budewa zai kai fiye da kashi 90%, sama da na ƙasashen WTO. A ɓangaren saka hannun jari, a yi shawarwari kan samun damar saka hannun jari ta amfani da hanyar jerin marasa kyau.

Yarjejeniyar ciniki ce mai 'yanci da ke amfanar juna. Wannan galibi yana bayyana ne a cinikin kayayyaki, cinikayyar ayyuka, ƙa'idodin saka hannun jari da sauran fannoni sun cimma daidaiton sha'awa. Musamman ma, Yarjejeniyar ta haɗa da tanade-tanaden haɗin gwiwa na tattalin arziki da fasaha, gami da shirye-shiryen sauyi ga ƙasashe mafi ƙarancin ci gaba kamar Laos, Myanmar da Cambodia, gami da yanayi mafi kyau don haɗa su cikin haɗin gwiwar tattalin arziki na yanki.