Ƙungiyar Cyano tana da ƙarfin polarity da sha na lantarki, don haka zai iya shiga zurfi cikin furotin da aka yi niyya don samar da haɗin gwiwar hydrogen tare da ragowar amino acid masu mahimmanci a cikin wurin aiki. A lokaci guda, ƙungiyar cyano ita ce jikin isosteric bioelectronic na carbonyl, halogen da sauran ƙungiyoyi masu aiki, waɗanda zasu iya haɓaka hulɗar tsakanin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyi da sunadarai masu niyya, don haka ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin tsarin gyare-gyare na magani da magungunan kashe qwari [1] . Wakilin cyano mai ɗauke da magungunan likita sun haɗa da saxagliptin (Hoto 1), verapamil, febuxostat, da sauransu; Magungunan noma sun haɗa da bromofenitrile, fipronil, fipronil da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, mahadi na cyano kuma suna da mahimmancin ƙimar aikace-aikacen a cikin fagagen ƙamshi, kayan aiki da sauransu. Misali, Citronitrile sabon kamshin nitrile ne na kasa da kasa, kuma 4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile wani muhimmin albarkatun kasa ne don shirya kayan kristal na ruwa. Ana iya ganin cewa ana amfani da mahadi na cyano sosai a fagage daban-daban saboda abubuwan da suke da su na musamman [2].

Ƙungiyar Cyano tana da ƙarfin polarity da sha na lantarki, don haka zai iya shiga zurfi cikin furotin da aka yi niyya don samar da haɗin gwiwar hydrogen tare da ragowar amino acid masu mahimmanci a cikin wurin aiki. A lokaci guda, ƙungiyar cyano ita ce jikin isosteric bioelectronic na carbonyl, halogen da sauran ƙungiyoyi masu aiki, waɗanda zasu iya haɓaka hulɗar tsakanin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyi da sunadarai masu niyya, don haka ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin tsarin gyare-gyare na magani da magungunan kashe qwari [1] . Wakilin cyano mai ɗauke da magungunan likita sun haɗa da saxagliptin (Hoto 1), verapamil, febuxostat, da sauransu; Magungunan noma sun haɗa da bromofenitrile, fipronil, fipronil da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, mahadi na cyano kuma suna da mahimmancin ƙimar aikace-aikacen a cikin fagagen ƙamshi, kayan aiki da sauransu. Misali, Citronitrile sabon kamshin nitrile ne na kasa da kasa, kuma 4-bromo-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile wani muhimmin albarkatun kasa ne don shirya kayan kristal na ruwa. Ana iya ganin cewa ana amfani da mahadi na cyano sosai a fagage daban-daban saboda abubuwan da suke da su na musamman [2].

2.2 electrophilic cyanidation dauki na enol boride

Tawagar Kensuke Kiyokawa [4] sun yi amfani da reagents na cyanide n-cyano-n-phenyl-p-toluenesulfonamide (NCTS) da p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide (tscn) don cimma ingantacciyar cyanidation electrophilic na mahaɗan enol boron (Hoto 3). Ta hanyar wannan sabon tsarin, daban-daban β-Acetonitrile, kuma yana da fa'ida mai yawa.

2.3 Organic catalytic stereoselective silico cyanide dauki na ketones

Kwanan nan, ƙungiyar lissafin Benjamin [5] ta ruwaito a cikin mujallar Nature bambance-bambancen enantiomeric na 2-butanone (Hoto 4a) da kuma amsawar cyanide asymmetric na 2-butanone tare da enzymes, masu haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta da masu haɓaka ƙarfe na canji, ta amfani da HCN ko tmscn azaman cyanide reagent. (Hoto na 4b). Tare da tmscn azaman cyanide reagent, 2-butanone da sauran ketones da yawa an sa su ga halayen enantioselective silyl cyanide sosai a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayin idpi (Hoto 4C).

Hoto 4 A, bambancin enantiomeric na 2-butanone. b. Cyanidation asymmetric na 2-butanone tare da enzymes, kwayoyin halitta masu haɓakawa da masu haɓaka ƙarfe na canji.

c. Idpi yana haɓaka halayen silyl cyanide na 2-butanone mai ƙarfi da yawa da sauran ketones.

2.4 rage cyanidation na aldehydes

A cikin haɗin samfuran halitta, ana amfani da koren tosmic azaman reagent na cyanide don canza aldehydes mai hana ruwa cikin sauƙi zuwa nitriles. Ana ƙara amfani da wannan hanyar don shigar da ƙarin carbon atom cikin aldehydes da ketones. Wannan hanya tana da ma'ana mai mahimmanci a cikin Enantiospecific jimlar jiadifenolide kuma muhimmin mataki ne a cikin haɗin samfuran halitta, kamar haɗakar samfuran halitta kamar clerodane, caribenol A da caribenol B [6] (Hoto 5).

2.5 electrochemical cyanide dauki na Organic amine

A matsayin koren kira da fasaha, Organic electrochemical kira da aka yadu amfani a daban-daban fagage na kwayoyin kira. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawancin masu bincike sun kula da shi. PrashanthW. Kungiyar Menezes [7] kwanan nan ta ruwaito cewa amine aromatic ko aliphatic amine na iya zama oxidized kai tsaye zuwa daidaitattun mahaɗan cyano a cikin 1m KOH bayani (ba tare da ƙara cyanide reagent ba) tare da yuwuwar yuwuwar 1.49vrhe ta amfani da mai haɓaka Ni2Si mai arha, tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa (Hoto 6) .

03 taqaitaccen

Cyanidation abu ne mai matukar mahimmancin halayen kwayoyin halitta. An fara daga ra'ayin kimiyyar kore, ana amfani da reagents masu dacewa da muhalli don maye gurbin magungunan cyanide mai guba da cutarwa, kuma ana amfani da sabbin hanyoyin kamar su ba tare da kaushi ba, rashin kuzari da sakawa a cikin injin lantarki don ƙara faɗaɗa iyaka da zurfin bincike, don haka don samar da babbar fa'ida ta tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da muhalli a cikin samar da masana'antu [8]. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban binciken kimiyya, halayen cyanide zai haɓaka zuwa ga yawan amfanin ƙasa, tattalin arziki da kuma koren sunadarai.