1,3-Dichlorobenzene ruwa ne mara launi tare da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. Insoluble a cikin ruwa, mai narkewa a cikin barasa da ether. Mai guba ga jikin mutum, mai ban haushi ga idanu da fata. Yana da flammable kuma yana iya jurewa chlorination, nitration, sulfonation, da halayen hydrolysis. Yana maida martani da ƙarfi tare da aluminium kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin haɓakar kwayoyin halitta.

1. Kayayyakin: ruwa mara launi tare da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi.
2. Matsayin narkewa (℃): -24.8
3. Tafasa (℃): 173
4. Yawan dangi (ruwa = 1): 1.29
5. Dangantakar tururi mai yawa (iska=1): 5.08
6. Cikakken tururi matsa lamba (kPa): 0.13 (12.1 ℃)
7. Zafin konewa (kJ/mol): -2952.9
8. Matsanancin zafin jiki (℃): 415.3
9. Matsayi mai mahimmanci (MPa): 4.86
10. Octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.53
11. Filashi (℃): 72
12. zafin wuta (℃): 647
13. Iyakar fashewar sama (%): 7.8
14. Ƙarfin fashewar iyaka (%): 1.8
15. Solubility: mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, mai narkewa a cikin ethanol da ether, da sauƙi mai narkewa a cikin acetone.
16. Dankowa (mPa·s, 23.3ºC): 1.0450
17. Wutar wuta (ºC): 648
18. Zafin evaporation (KJ/mol, bp): 38.64
19. Zafin samuwar (KJ/mol, 25ºC, ruwa): 20.47
20. Zafin konewa (KJ/mol, 25ºC, ruwa): 2957.72
21. Ƙimar zafi ta musamman (KJ/ (kg·K), 0ºC, ruwa): 1.13
22. Solubility (%, ruwa, 20ºC): 0.0111
23. Yawan dangi (25 ℃, 4℃): 1.2828
24. Al'ada zafin jiki refractive index (n25): 1.5434
25. Sigar Solubility (J·cm-3) 0.5: 19.574
26. Yankin Van der Waals (cm2 · mol-1): 8.220×109
27. Van der Waals girma (cm3 · mol-1): 87.300
28. Matsakaicin matakin ruwa yana da'awar zafi (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): -20.7
29. Liquid lokaci misali zafi narke (J·mol-1·K-1): 170.9
30. Ma'auni na iskar gas yana da'awar zafi (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): 25.7
31. Standard entropy na gas lokaci (J·mol-1·K-1): 343.64
32. Daidaitaccen makamashi kyauta na samuwar a lokacin gas (kJ·mol-1): 78.0
33. Gas lokaci misali zafi narke (J·mol-1·K-1): 113.90

Hanyar ajiya
Kariya don ajiya [Ajiye a cikin ɗakin ajiya mai sanyi, mai iska. Ka nisantar da wuta da tushen zafi. Rike kwandon a rufe sosai. Ya kamata a adana shi daban daga oxidants, aluminum, da sinadarai masu cin abinci, kuma a guje wa ajiya mai gauraya. An sanye shi da iri-iri masu dacewa da adadin kayan wuta. Wurin ajiya ya kamata a sanye shi da kayan aikin jinya na gaggawa da kayan ajiya masu dacewa.

Yanke ƙuduri:

Hanyoyin shirye-shiryen sune kamar haka. Yin amfani da chlorobenzene azaman albarkatun ƙasa don ƙarin chlorination, p-dichlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene da m-dichlorobenzene ana samun su. Hanyar rabuwa gabaɗaya tana amfani da gauraye dichlorobenzene don ci gaba da distillation. Ana distilled para- da meta-dichlorobenzene daga saman hasumiya, p-dichlorobenzene yana haɗe da daskarewa da crystallization, sannan ana gyara uwar barasa don samun meta-dichlorobenzene. O-dichlorobenzene yana walƙiya a cikin hasumiya mai walƙiya don samun o-dichlorobenzene. A halin yanzu, gauraye dichlorobenzene ya rungumi hanyar adsorption da rabuwa, ta yin amfani da sieve na kwayoyin halitta a matsayin adsorbent, da kuma gas lokaci gauraye dichlorobenzene shiga hasumiya ta adsorption, wanda za a zaba adsorb p-dichlorobenzene, da sauran ruwa ne meta da ortho dichlorobenzene. Gyara don samun m-dichlorobenzene da o-dichlorobenzene. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na adsorption shine 180-200 ° C, kuma matsin lamba shine matsa lamba na al'ada.

1. Meta-phenylenediamine diazotization Hanyar: Meta-phenylenediamine ne diazotized a gaban sodium nitrite da sulfuric acid, diazotization zafin jiki ne 0～5 ℃, da diazonium ruwa ne hydrolyzed a gaban cuprous chloride don samar da intercalation. Dichlorobenzene.

2. Hanyar Meta-chloroaniline: Yin amfani da meta-chloroaniline a matsayin albarkatun kasa, ana gudanar da diazotization a gaban sodium nitrite da hydrochloric acid, kuma ana sanya ruwa na diazonium a gaban gilashin chloride don samar da meta-dichlorobenzene.

Daga cikin hanyoyin shirye-shiryen da yawa na sama, hanyar da ta fi dacewa don masana'antu da ƙananan farashi ita ce hanyar rabuwa ta adsorption na cakuda dichlorobenzene. Tuni akwai wuraren samar da kayayyaki a kasar Sin don samarwa.

Babban manufar:

1. An yi amfani da shi a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Halin Friedel-Crafts tsakanin m-dichlorobenzene da chloroacetyl chloride yana haifar da 2,4, ω-trichloroacetophenone, wanda ake amfani da shi azaman tsaka-tsaki ga miconazole na maganin fungal mai faɗi. Ana yin maganin chlorination a gaban ferric chloride ko aluminum mercury, galibi yana samar da 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. A gaban mai kara kuzari, ana yin hydrolyzed a 550-850 ° C don samar da m-chlorophenol da resorcinol. Yin amfani da jan karfe oxide a matsayin mai kara kuzari, yana amsawa tare da ammoniya mai da hankali a 150-200 ° C a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba don samar da m-phenylenediamine.
2. An yi amfani dashi a masana'antar rini, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da masu kaushi.

Bayanan toxicological:

1. Mummunan guba mai tsanani: linzamin kwamfuta intraperitoneal LD50: 1062mg / kg, babu cikakkun bayanai sai dai na kisa;

2. Multi-kashi mai guba bayanai: bera na baka TDLo: 1470 mg / kg / 10D-I, hanta-hanta nauyi canji, jimlar gina jiki metabolism, calcium-enzyme hanawa, jawo canje-canje ko canje-canje a cikin jini ko nama matakan-phosphatase;

Rat na baka TDLo: 3330mg/kg/90D-I, canje-canjen endocrin, canje-canje a cikin abubuwan jini-jini (kamar shayi polyphenols, bilirubin, cholesterol), hanawar biochemical-enzyme, haifar da ko canza jini ko matakan nama-dehydrogenation Canjin Enzyme

3. Bayanai na mutagenicity: juyin halittar kwayoyin halitta da sake hadewar mitosis Tsarin gwaji: Yisti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae: 5ppm;

Gwajin Micronucleus Tsarin IntraperitonealTEST: rodent-bera: 175mg/kg/24H.

4. Dafi yana ɗan ƙasa da na o-dichlorobenzene, kuma ana iya shafe shi ta cikin fata da mucous membranes. Zai iya haifar da lalacewar hanta da koda. Matsakaicin iyakar ƙamshi shine 0.2mg/L (ingantacciyar ruwa).

5. M guba mai guba LD50: 1062mg/kg ( linzamin kwamfuta na ciki); 1062mg/kg (kogon ciki na linzamin kwamfuta)

6. Haushi Babu bayani

7. Mutagenic gene canji da mitotic sake hadewa: Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5ppm. Gwajin Micronucleus: Gudanar da intraperitoneal na 175mg/kg (24h) a cikin mice

8. Carcinogenicity IARC carcinogenicity review: Rukuni na 3, shaidun da ke wanzuwa ba za su iya rarraba ciwon daji na mutum ba.