1,3-Dichlorobenzene ruwa ne mara launi mai ƙamshi mai kamshi. Ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa, yana narkewa a cikin barasa da ether. Yana da guba ga jikin ɗan adam, yana ɓata wa idanu da fata rai. Yana da wuta kuma yana iya fuskantar chlorination, nitration, sulfonation, da hydrolysis. Yana yin tasiri mai ƙarfi da aluminum kuma ana amfani da shi wajen haɗa sinadarai na halitta.

1. Halaye: ruwa mara launi mai ƙamshi mai kaifi.
2. Matsayin narkewa (℃): -24.8
3. Tafasawar wuri (℃): 173
4. Yawan da ke tsakanin mutane (ruwa = 1): 1.29
5. Yawan tururin da ya dace (iska = 1): 5.08
6. Matsi mai tururi mai cikakken ƙarfi (kPa): 0.13 (12.1℃)
7. Zafin konewa (kJ/mol): -2952.9
8. Yanayin zafi mai tsanani (℃): 415.3
9. Matsi mai tsanani (MPa): 4.86
10. Ma'aunin rabon Octanol/ruwa: 3.53
11. Wurin walƙiya (℃): 72
12. Zafin wuta (℃): 647
13. Iyakar fashewar sama (%): 7.8
14. Iyakar fashewar ƙasa (%): 1.8
15. Narkewa: Ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa, yana narkewa a cikin ethanol da ether, kuma yana narkewa cikin sauƙi a cikin acetone.
16. Danko (mPa·s, 23.3ºC): 1.0450
17. Wurin kunna wuta (ºC): 648
18. Zafin ƙafewa (KJ/mol, bp): 38.64
19. Zafin samuwar (KJ/mol, 25ºC, ruwa): 20.47
20. Zafin konewa (KJ/mol, 25ºC, ruwa): 2957.72
21. Ƙarfin zafi na musamman (KJ/(kg·K), 0ºC, ruwa): 1.13
22. Narkewa (%, ruwa, 20ºC): 0.0111
23. Yawan da ya dace (25℃, 4℃): 1.2828
24. Ma'aunin zafin jiki na yau da kullun (n25): 1.5434
25. Sigar narkewa (J·cm-3) 0.5: 19.574
26. Yankin Van der Waals (cm2 · mol-1): 8.220×109
27. Van der Waals girma (cm3 · mol-1): 87.300
28. Ma'aunin matakin ruwa yana da'awar zafi (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): -20.7
29. Narkewar zafi mai zafi na ruwa (J·mol-1·K-1): 170.9
30. Ma'aunin yanayin iskar gas yana da'awar zafi (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): 25.7
31. Daidaitaccen entropy na yanayin iskar gas (J·mol-1·K-1): 343.64
32. Ƙarfin da ba shi da amfani na yau da kullun na samuwar iskar gas (kJ·mol-1): 78.0
33. Narkewar zafi ta yau da kullun a lokacin iskar gas (J·mol-1·K-1): 113.90

Hanyar ajiya
Gargaɗi don ajiya [Ajiye a cikin ma'ajiyar ajiya mai sanyi da iska. A ajiye shi nesa da hanyoyin wuta da zafi. A rufe akwatin sosai. Ya kamata a adana shi daban da sinadarai masu hana iska, aluminum, da sinadarai masu ci, kuma a guji adanawa iri-iri. An sanye shi da nau'ikan kayan aikin kashe gobara da suka dace. Ya kamata a sanya wurin ajiyar kayan aikin gaggawa na zubar da ruwa da kayan ajiya masu dacewa.

Mayar da shawara:

Hanyoyin shiryawa sune kamar haka. Amfani da chlorobenzene a matsayin kayan da aka samar don ƙarin chlorine, ana samun p-dichlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene da m-dichlorobenzene. Hanyar rabuwa gabaɗaya tana amfani da gaurayen dichlorobenzene don ci gaba da distillation. Ana distillation na para- da meta-dichlorobenzene daga saman hasumiya, p-dichlorobenzene yana distillation ta hanyar daskarewa da crystallization, sannan ana gyara uwar giya don samun meta-dichlorobenzene. Ana distillation na o-dichlorobenzene a cikin hasumiyar walƙiya don samun o-dichlorobenzene. A halin yanzu, dichlorobenzene ɗin da aka gauraya yana amfani da hanyar adsorption da rabuwa, ta amfani da sieve na kwayoyin halitta azaman adsorbent, kuma dichlorobenzene ɗin da aka gauraya na iskar gas yana shiga hasumiyar adsorption, wanda zai iya ɗaukar p-dichlorobenzene da zaɓi, kuma ruwan da ya rage shine meta da ortho dichlorobenzene. Gyara don samun m-dichlorobenzene da o-dichlorobenzene. Zafin sha yana da digiri 180-200, kuma matsin sha yana da matsakaicin matsin lamba.

1. Hanyar Meta-phenylenediamine diazotization: Ana yin diazotization na Meta-phenylenediamine a gaban sodium nitrite da sulfuric acid, zafin diazotization shine 0~5℃, kuma ana yin hydrolyzed na diazionium a gaban cuprous chloride don samar da haɗin kai. Dichlorobenzene.

2. Hanyar Meta-chloroaniline: Ta amfani da meta-chloroaniline a matsayin kayan da aka samar, ana yin diazotization a gaban sodium nitrite da hydrochloric acid, kuma ana yin hydrolyzed ruwan diazonium a gaban cuprous chloride don samar da meta-dichlorobenzene.

Daga cikin hanyoyin shirye-shirye da aka ambata a sama, hanyar da ta fi dacewa don masana'antu da ƙarancin farashi ita ce hanyar raba shaye-shaye ta hanyar haɗa dichlorobenzene. Akwai wuraren samarwa a China don samarwa.

Babban manufar:

1. Ana amfani da shi wajen haɗa sinadarai na halitta. Haɗarin Friedel-Crafts tsakanin m-dichlorobenzene da chloroacetyl chloride yana samar da 2,4,ω-trichloroacetophenone, wanda ake amfani da shi azaman matsakaici ga maganin antifungal mai faɗi-faɗi miconazole. Haɗarin chlorination yana faruwa ne a gaban ferric chloride ko aluminum mercury, galibi yana samar da 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. A gaban mai kara kuzari, ana sanya shi hydrolyzed a 550-850°C don samar da m-chlorophenol da resorcinol. Ta amfani da jan ƙarfe oxide a matsayin mai kara kuzari, yana amsawa da ammonia mai yawa a 150-200°C ƙarƙashin matsin lamba don samar da m-phenylenediamine.
2. Ana amfani da shi wajen kera rini, hada sinadarai na halitta da kuma sinadaran da ke narkewa.

Bayanan guba:

1. Guba mai tsanani: linzamin kwamfuta a cikin mahaifa LD50: 1062mg/kg, babu cikakkun bayanai sai dai idan an yi amfani da maganin da zai iya kashe mutum;

2. Bayanan guba da ake amfani da su sau da yawa: TDLo na baki: 1470 mg/kg/10D-I, canjin nauyi a hanta da hanta, cikakken metabolism na gina jiki, hana sinadarin calcium-enzyme, canje-canje ko canje-canje a cikin jini ko matakan kyallen takarda - phosphatase ；

TDLo na baki na bera: 3330mg/kg/90D-I, canje-canje a cikin endocrine, canje-canje a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin jini (kamar shayi polyphenols, bilirubin, cholesterol), hana biochemical-enzyme, haifar ko canza matakan jini ko nama - dehydrogenation Canjin enzyme

3. Bayanan mutagenicity: canza kwayar halitta da sake haɗa mitosis Tsarin gwaji: Yeast-Saccharomyces cerevisiae: 5ppm;

Gwajin Micronucleus Tsarin TEST na ciki: beraye-bera: 175mg/kg/24H.

4. Guba ta ɗan yi ƙasa da ta o-dichlorobenzene, kuma ana iya sha ta fata da kuma mucous membranes. Tana iya haifar da lalacewar hanta da koda. Yawan ƙamshi shine 0.2mg/L (ingancin ruwa).

5. Guba mai tsanani LD50: 1062mg/kg (jigon linzamin kwamfuta); 1062mg/kg (jigon ciki na linzamin kwamfuta)

6. Mai haushi Babu wani bayani

7. Canjin kwayar halitta mai canzawa da kuma sake hadewar mitotic: Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5ppm. Gwajin Micronucleus: allurar ciki ta 175mg/kg (awa 24) a cikin beraye

8. Ciwon daji Bitar cutar kansa ta IARC: Rukuni na 3, shaidar da ke akwai ba za ta iya rarraba cutar kansa ta ɗan adam ba.