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Sannu, wannan ita ce Shugabar Athena daga masana'antar sinadarai ta Mit-ivy a China.
Matsakaici: Matsakaici na dyestuff wani muhimmin reshe ne na masana'antar sinadarai masu kyau, kuma saurin ci gaban masana'antar dyestuff ya dogara ne akan ci gaban matsakaitan da ke tafiya tare da shi.
Samar da rini da kuma tsaka-tsakin launuka a kasar Sin ya samu ci gaba sosai tun daga shekarun 1950. Ganin yadda ake kara samun gasa a kasuwa, an kirkiri rini da tsaka-tsakin launuka a fasahar samarwa; sun samu ci gaba a fannoni da dama kamar samar da sabbin nau'o'i, inganta tsarin samarwa, bincike kan sabbin hanyoyi, sabbin amfani da tsoffin nau'o'i, kare muhalli, da sauransu, da kuma rungumar fasahar zamani mai tsabta don samar da rini da tsaka-tsakin launuka.
1
Ci gaban amfani da tsaka-tsaki

A zahiri, amfani da ci gaban tsaka-tsaki yana da fuskoki da yawa, wani matsakaici da ake amfani da shi a cikin rini da ake kira dyes intermediates, kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin magungunan kashe kwari, magunguna da ake kira magungunan kashe kwari, magungunan kashe kwari. Ya kamata a ɗauki matsakaici a matsayin reshe na masana'antar sinadarai masu kyau gaba ɗaya, bai kamata a raba shi da ƙarfi zuwa matsakaiciyar rini, magungunan kashe kwari, magungunan kashe kwari ta masana'antu ba, wanda zai rage yawan amfani da wasu magunguna kuma ya shafi ci gaban su.

Binciken tsaka-tsakin sinadarai masu kyau yana da alaƙa da nau'ikan iri-iri, ban da nau'ikan nau'ikan samarwa da yawa suna da girma musamman, yawancin nau'ikan tannage ba su da yawa, amma tsarin shiryawa sau da yawa yana da rikitarwa, wanda ya haɗa da halayen naúrar da yawa da tsarin rabuwa, samarwa kuma ya haifar da adadi mai yawa na "sharar gida uku" da ake buƙatar a sarrafa su yadda ya kamata. Saboda haka, ya kamata mu shiga cikin binciken tsarin samfuran jerin kuma mu tsara samar da tsaka-tsakin gwargwadon iko don samun fa'idodi masu kyau.

Daga yanayin ƙasashen waje, bincike da samar da tsaka-tsaki galibi ana mayar da hankali sosai don cimma samar da jerin kayayyaki, saitin kayan aikin samarwa na iya samar da nau'ikan tsaka-tsaki da dama zuwa goma sha biyu, irin wannan bincike da samarwa ta hanyar ci gaba gabaɗaya, amfani da sabuwar fasaha ya fi sauƙi a aiwatar, zai cimma ninki biyu na sakamakon tare da rabin ƙoƙarin. Yanayin Japan na iya zama don ambatonmu, ainihin samar da tsaka-tsaki a Japan shi ma ya bazu sosai, daga shekarun 1960 ya kasance sau bakwai don daidaitawa, mai da hankali.

Ta hanyar sauyi da ci gaba, masana'antar rini da tsaka-tsakin launuka ta kasar Sin ta kai wani matsayi mafi girma a fannin samar da kayayyaki, fasaha da kuma matakin kayan aiki, wanda ba wai kawai zai iya biyan bukatun ci gaban masana'antar rini da launuka na cikin gida ba, har ma zai samar da ingantattun hanyoyin sadarwa ga kasashen waje.

Kayan da ake buƙata don haɗa tsaka-tsakin ana samun su ne galibi daga samfuran masana'antar sinadarai na man fetur da coking, waɗanda galibinsu su ne benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone compounds, da kuma wasu mahadi masu heterocyclic, da kuma launukan halitta da aka shirya tare da mahaɗan heterocyclic intermediates suna ƙaruwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Bugu da ƙari, phenanthrene, pyridine, oxygen fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, biphenyl series of mahadi, waɗannan kayan haɗin gwiwa da ake amfani da su wajen ƙera rini, to amfani da kayan haɗin gwiwa zai zama yaɗuwa kuma ya zama ruwan dare.
2
Mafi yawan halayen sinadarai da ake amfani da su ga masu tsaka-tsaki

Sarrafa kayan da aka sarrafa zuwa tsaka-tsakin rini (launi) na halayen sinadarai da aka fi amfani da su sune kamar haka.
(1) amsawar sulfonation
(2) Amsar Nitrate
(3) amsawar halogenation
(4) Rage amsawar amino acid don shirya shi
(5) Hawan diazotization (sau da yawa tare da haɗin kai)
(6) amsawar haɗin alkali don maye gurbin rukunin sulfonic acid zuwa hydroxyl
(7) Haɓaka saurin gudu
(8) Haɓakar iskar oxygen
(9) daskararren ruwa da kuma iskar carbonation
(10) Haɓaka ƙamshi (galibi amino)
(11) maye gurbin juna na hydroxyl da ƙungiyoyin amino
(12) amsawar hydroxyl ko amino hydrocarbonation
Dangane da tsarin babban zoben ƙamshi na sinadarai masu kyau, ana iya raba tsaka-tsakin zuwa tsarin aliphatic, tsarin benzene, tsarin naphthalene, tsarin anthraquinone, tsarin heterocyclic da tsarin zobe mai kauri. Ƙasarmu na iya samar da nau'ikan tsaka-tsaki sama da 400 kamar benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic da sauran tsaka-tsakin rini da pigment, waɗanda za su iya biyan buƙatun ci gaban masana'antar rini da pigment.
Hoto
3
Babban nau'ikan tsarin benzene

2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, p-aminoanisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N-ethylaniline, m-hydroxy-diethylaniline, 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, om-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, bianisidine, p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, o- da p-aminoanisole, DSD N-methyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine. m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl m-toluidine, N-methylphenyl m-toluidine, p-toluidine, ethoxyaniline, 2-4-dimethylaniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methoxy-3-aminobenzanilide, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N, N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, m- da para-esters, da sauransu.
4
Manyan nau'ikan matsakaici na tushen Naphthalene

2-naphthol, H-acid, K-acid, 2,3-acid, 2,6-acid, tartaric acid, 6-nitro-1,2,4-acid oxygenate, J-acid, peri-acid, γ-acid, G-gishiri, R-gishiri, amino K-acid, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid, da sauransu. Manyan nau'ikan tsaka-tsaki na tushen anthraquinone sune: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl anthraquinone bromine, 1,5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-amino-5-benzoyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, da sauransu.
5
Manyan nau'ikan halittu masu launin shuɗi da shuɗi masu kauri

Melamine, barbituric acid, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-amino thiazole, dehydrothio-p-toluidine bisulfonic acid, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride, tetracarboxylic anhydride, da sauransu.