Mai cire fenti mai ...

 Mai cire fenti mai ...

Siffofi:

l Mai cire fenti mai dacewa da muhalli

l Ba lalata ba, yi amfani da aminci kuma yi aiki cikin sauƙi

l Ba ya ƙunshi acid, benzene da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa

l Ana iya sake amfani da shi ta hanyar tsaftace fim ɗin fenti da tarkacen fenti a cikin maganin

l Zai iya cire phenolic resin, acrylic, epoxy, polyurethane gama fenti da babban fenti cikin sauri

 

Tsarin aikace-aikacen:

l Bayyanar: Ruwa mai haske mara launi zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai haske

l Hanyar magani: Tsoma

l Lokacin jiyya: minti 1-15

l Zafin Jiyya: 15-35℃

l Bayan magani: A wanke fim ɗin fenti da ya rage ta amfani da ruwa mai matsin lamba

Sanarwa:

1. Gargaɗi

(1) An haramta taɓa shi kai tsaye ba tare da kariya daga haɗari ba;

(2) Sanya safar hannu da tabarau na kariya kafin amfani da shi

(3) A ajiye shi nesa da zafi, wuta, sannan a ajiye shi a wuri mai inuwa da iska.

2. Matakan agajin gaggawa

1. A wanke shi da ruwa mai yawa nan take, idan ya taɓa fata da ido. Sannan a nemi shawarar likita nan da nan.

2. A sha ruwa mai nauyin ~10% na sodium carbonate nan da nan, idan ya haɗiye abin cire fenti. Sannan a nemi shawarar likita nan da nan.

 

Aikace-aikace:

l Karfe mai carbon

l takardar galvanized

l Aluminum gami

l Magnesium gami

l Tagulla, gilashi, itace da filastik da sauransu

 

Kunshin, ajiya da sufuri:

l Akwai shi a cikin 200 kg/ ganga ko 25 kg/ ganga

Lokacin Ajiya: ~ Watanni 12 a cikin kwantena a rufe, wuri mai inuwa da bushewa

Fitar da fenti da kuma plasticizer

Fitar da fenti da kuma plasticizer

gabatarwa

A halin yanzu, ci gaban mai cire fenti a China yana da sauri sosai, amma har yanzu akwai wasu matsaloli, kamar yawan guba, tasirin cire fenti mara gamsarwa da gurɓataccen iska. Inganci mai yawa, yawan fasahar zamani da samfuran da aka ƙara masu daraja ba su da yawa. A cikin tsarin shirya mai cire fenti, yawanci ana ƙara kakin paraffin, kodayake yana iya hana mai cire fenti ya yi sauri, amma bayan cire fenti, kakin paraffin yakan kasance akan saman abin da za a fenti, don haka ya zama dole a cire kakin paraffin gaba ɗaya, saboda yanayin da ake da shi daban-daban na saman da za a fenti, wanda hakan ke sa ya zama da wahala a cire kakin paraffin, wanda ke haifar da babban matsala ga rufin da ke gaba. Bugu da ƙari, tare da ci gaban fasaha da ci gaban zamantakewa, mutane suna ƙara sanin kariyar muhalli kuma suna da buƙatu mafi girma ga masu cire fenti. Shekaru da yawa, masana'antar fenti tana ƙoƙarin rage amfani da mai. Duk da haka, mai narkewa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga masu cire fenti, don haka zaɓin mai narkewa yana da matuƙar mahimmanci. Mataki na 612 na Bayanin Fasaha na Jamus (TRGS) koyaushe yana iyakance amfani da masu yanke fenti na methylene chloride don rage haɗarin aiki. Abin lura musamman shine ci gaba da amfani da masu yanke fenti na gargajiya na methylene chloride ta hanyar masu ado ba tare da la'akari da amincin yanayin aiki ba. Tsarin mai ƙarfi da na ruwa zaɓi ne don rage yawan abubuwan narkewa da ƙirƙirar samfurin da ke da aminci don amfani. Saboda haka, masu yanke fenti masu aminci ga muhalli da inganci na ruwa za su zama hanya mafi kyau ga masu yanke fenti. Masu yanke fenti masu inganci da inganci tare da babban abun ciki suna da matuƙar kyau.

Rufe wannan sakin layi na nau'ikan fenti masu cire fenti

1) Mai cire fenti na Alkaline

Mai cire fenti na Alkaline gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi abubuwan alkaline (sodium hydroxide da ake amfani da su akai-akai, ash ɗin soda, gilashin ruwa, da sauransu), surfactants, masu hana tsatsa, da sauransu, waɗanda ake dumama su idan aka yi amfani da su. A gefe guda, alkali yana ƙara wasu ƙungiyoyi a cikin fenti kuma yana narkewa a cikin ruwa; a gefe guda kuma, tururi mai zafi yana dafa fim ɗin rufewa, yana sa shi ya rasa ƙarfi kuma yana rage mannewa da ƙarfe, wanda, tare da tasirin shigar surfactant, shiga ciki da kusanci, daga ƙarshe yana sa tsohon murfin ya lalace. Yana shuɗewa.

2) Mai cire fenti mai sinadarin acid.

Mai cire fenti mai sinadarin acid wani mai cire fenti ne wanda ya ƙunshi sinadarai masu ƙarfi kamar sulfuric acid mai ƙarfi, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid da nitric acid. Saboda sinadarin hydrochloric acid mai ƙarfi da nitric acid suna narkewa cikin sauƙi kuma suna samar da hazo mai guba, kuma suna da tasirin lalata akan ƙarfe, kuma sinadarin phosphoric acid mai ƙarfi yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kafin fenti ya ɓace kuma yana da tasirin lalata akan ƙarfe, saboda haka, ba a cika amfani da acid guda uku da ke sama don goge fenti ba. Sinadarin sulfuric acid mai ƙarfi da aluminum, ƙarfe da sauran ƙarfe masu ƙarfi, don haka lalata ƙarfe yana da ƙanƙanta sosai, kuma a lokaci guda yana da ƙarfi sosai na bushewa, carbonization da sulfonation na abubuwa masu rai kuma yana sa ya narke cikin ruwa, don haka ana amfani da sinadarin sulfuric acid mai ƙarfi a cikin mai cire fenti mai guba.

3) Mai cire fenti na yau da kullun

Mai cire fenti na yau da kullun yana ƙunshe da cakuda sinadarin sinadarai na halitta da paraffin, kamar su T-1, T-2, T-3 mai cire fenti; mai cire fenti na T-1 ya ƙunshi ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, benzene, paraffin; T-2 ya ƙunshi ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, benzene da sauran sinadarai masu narkewa da paraffin; T-3 ya ƙunshi methylene chloride, plexiglass, plexi-glass da sauran sinadarai masu narkewa. Ethanol, kakin paraffin, da sauransu suna gauraye, ƙarancin guba, suna da tasirin cire fenti mai kyau. Suna da tasirin cire fenti akan fenti na alkyd, fenti na nitro, fenti na acrylic da fenti na perchlorethylene. Duk da haka, sinadarin sinadarai na halitta a cikin wannan nau'in mai cire fenti yana da ƙarfi, yana iya kama da wuta kuma yana da guba, don haka ya kamata a shafa shi a wuri mai iska mai kyau.

4) Mai cire fenti mai sinadarin hydrocarbon mai sinadarin chlorine

Mai cire fenti mai sinadarin hydrocarbon mai sinadarin chlorine yana magance matsalar cire fenti don shafa fenti na epoxy da polyurethane, yana da sauƙin amfani, yana da inganci sosai kuma ba ya lalata ƙarfe. Ya ƙunshi sinadaran narkewa (masu cire fenti na gargajiya galibi suna amfani da methylene chloride a matsayin sinadarin narkewar sinadarai na halitta, yayin da masu cire fenti na zamani galibi suna amfani da sinadaran narkewar abubuwa masu zafi, kamar dimethylaniline, dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate da N-methyl pyrrolidone, tare da alcohols da sinadaran narkewar sinadarai masu kamshi, ko kuma a haɗa su da tsarin hydrophilic alkaline ko acidic), masu narkewar sinadarai masu haɗaka (kamar methanol, ethanol da isopropyl alcohol, da sauransu). Masu kunna sinadarai (kamar phenol, formic acid ko ethanolamine, da sauransu), masu kauri (kamar polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose da fumed silica, da sauransu), masu hana canzawa (kamar kakin paraffin, ping ping, da sauransu), masu hana sinadarai (kamar OP-10, OP-7 da sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, da sauransu), masu hana lalata, masu shigar ciki, masu sanyaya da kuma masu tacewa.

5) Mai cire fenti mai amfani da ruwa

A ƙasar Sin, masu bincike sun yi nasarar ƙirƙirar na'urar cire fenti mai amfani da ruwa ta amfani da benzyl alcohol maimakon dichloromethane a matsayin babban sinadarin narkewa. Baya ga benzyl alcohol, ya haɗa da sinadarin kauri, mai hana canzawa, mai kunna sinadarai da kuma surfactant. Babban sinadarinsa shine (rabo): kashi 20%-40% na sinadarin narkewa da kashi 40%-60% na sinadarin acidic na ruwa tare da surfactant. Idan aka kwatanta da na'urar cire fenti mai amfani da dichloromethane na gargajiya, yana da ƙarancin guba kuma yana da saurin cire fenti iri ɗaya. Yana iya cire fenti mai amfani da epoxy, fenti mai launin rawaya na epoxy zinc, musamman ga fatar jirgin sama yana da kyakkyawan tasirin cire fenti.

Rufe gyara abubuwan gama gari na wannan sakin layi

1) Babban sinadarin narkewa

Babban sinadarin da ke narkewar fenti zai iya narkar da fenti ta hanyar shigar ƙwayoyin halitta da kumburi, wanda zai iya lalata mannewar fim ɗin fenti ga substrate da kuma tsarin sararin fim ɗin fenti, don haka ana amfani da benzene, hydrocarbon, ketone da ether a matsayin manyan sinadaran da ke narkewa, kuma hydrocarbon shine mafi kyau. Manyan sinadaran da ke narkewar su sune benzene, hydrocarbons, ketones da ethers, kuma hydrocarbons sune mafi kyau. Mai cire fenti mai ƙarancin guba wanda ba ya ɗauke da methylene chloride galibi yana ɗauke da ketone (pyrrolidone), ester (methyl benzoate) da alcohol ether (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether), da sauransu. Ethylene glycol ether yana da kyau ga polymer resin. Ethylene glycol ether yana da ƙarfi mai narkewa ga polymer resin, kyakkyawan permeability, babban tafasa, farashi mai rahusa, kuma shine mai kyau surfactant, don haka yana aiki a cikin binciken amfani da shi azaman babban maganin da ke narkewar fenti (ko wakilin tsaftacewa) tare da kyakkyawan tasiri da ayyuka da yawa.

Kwayar benzaldehyde ƙarama ce, kuma shigarta cikin sarkar macromolecules yana da ƙarfi, kuma ƙarfinsa na narkewa ga abubuwa masu rai na polar shi ma yana da ƙarfi sosai, wanda zai sa macromolecules ya ƙaru da yawa kuma ya haifar da damuwa. Ƙananan guba da ƙarancin canjin fenti da aka shirya tare da benzaldehyde a matsayin mai narkewa zai iya cire murfin foda na epoxy akan saman ƙarfe a zafin ɗaki, kuma ya dace da cire fenti mai fata na jirgin sama. Aikin wannan mai cire fenti yana kama da na masu cire fenti na gargajiya (nau'in methylene chloride da nau'in alkali mai zafi), amma ba ya lalata ƙarfe sosai.

Limonene abu ne mai kyau ga masu cire fenti daga mahangar da za a iya sabuntawa. Yana da sinadarin hydrocarbon wanda aka samo daga bawon lemu, bawon tangerine da bawon citron. Yana da kyau wajen rage mai, kakin zuma da resin. Yana da wurin tafasa mai yawa da kuma wurin ƙonewa kuma yana da aminci a yi amfani da shi. Haka kuma ana iya amfani da sinadarin Ester a matsayin kayan da aka samar don cire fenti. Ana siffanta sinadarin Ester da ƙarancin guba, ƙamshi mai ƙamshi da kuma rashin narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma galibi ana amfani da shi azaman mai narkewa ga abubuwa masu mai. Methyl benzoate shine wakilin sinadaran Ester, kuma masana da yawa suna fatan amfani da shi a matsayin mai cire fenti.

2) Maganin haɗin gwiwa

Maganin haɗin gwiwa zai iya ƙara narkewar methyl cellulose, inganta danko da kwanciyar hankali na samfurin, da kuma haɗa kai da manyan ƙwayoyin narkewa don shiga cikin fim ɗin fenti, rage mannewa tsakanin fim ɗin fenti da substrate, don hanzarta rage yawan cire fenti. Hakanan yana iya rage yawan babban sinadarin narkewar kuma rage farashi. Ana amfani da barasa, ethers da esters a matsayin abubuwan narkewar haɗin gwiwa.

3) Mai tallatawa

Mai haɓaka sinadarai (Promoter) yana da sinadarai masu narkewar nucleophilic da yawa, galibi acid na halitta, phenols da amines, gami da formic acid, acetic acid da phenol. Yana aiki ta hanyar lalata sarƙoƙi na macromolecular da kuma hanzarta shigar ruwa da kumburin murfin. Organic acid yana ɗauke da rukuni ɗaya na aiki kamar yadda aka yi amfani da fim ɗin fenti - OH, yana iya hulɗa da tsarin haɗin oxygen, nitrogen da sauran ƙwayoyin zarra na polar, yana ɗaga tsarin wani ɓangare na wuraren haɗin gwiwa na zahiri, ta haka yana ƙara mai cire fenti a cikin ƙimar yaduwar murfin halitta, inganta kumburin fim ɗin fenti da ikon wrinkles. A lokaci guda, acid na halitta na iya haɓaka hydrolysis na haɗin ester, haɗin ether na polymer kuma yana sa ya karya haɗin, wanda ke haifar da asarar tauri da abubuwan da suka lalace bayan cire fenti.

Ruwan da aka cire daga jiki (deionized water) wani sinadari ne mai yawan dielectric constant solvent (ε=80120 a 20 ℃). Idan saman da za a cire shi ne polar, kamar polyurethane, babban sinadari mai dielectric constant solvent yana da tasiri mai kyau wajen raba saman electrostatic, ta yadda sauran sinadari za su iya shiga cikin ramuka tsakanin rufin da substrate.

Hydrogen peroxide yana ruɓewa a mafi yawan saman ƙarfe, yana samar da iskar oxygen, hydrogen da kuma nau'in iskar oxygen na atomic. Iskar oxygen tana sa laka mai laushi ta mirgina, wanda ke ba da damar sabon mai cire fenti ya ratsa tsakanin ƙarfe da murfin, don haka yana hanzarta aikin cire fenti. Acids kuma babban sashi ne a cikin tsarin cire fenti, kuma aikinsu shine kiyaye pH na mai cire fenti a 210-510 don amsawa tare da ƙungiyoyin amine kyauta a cikin rufi kamar polyurethane. Acid ɗin da ake amfani da shi zai iya zama mai narkewar acid mai ƙarfi, ruwa acid, organic acid ko inorganic acid. Ganin cewa inorganic acid yana da yuwuwar samar da tsatsa ta ƙarfe, don haka ya fi kyau a yi amfani da dabarar RCOOH gabaɗaya, nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta ƙasa da acid na Organic mai narkewa 1,000, kamar formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hydroxyacetic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, lactic acid, citric acid da sauran hydroxy acid da gaurayawan su.

4) Masu kauri

Idan ana amfani da na'urar cire fenti ga manyan abubuwan gini waɗanda ke buƙatar mannewa a saman don sa su yi tasiri, ya zama dole a ƙara masu kauri kamar polymers masu narkewa cikin ruwa kamar cellulose, polyethylene glycol, da sauransu, ko gishirin da ba na halitta ba kamar sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, da magnesium chloride. Ya kamata a lura cewa gishirin da ba na halitta ba masu kauri suna daidaita danko zai ƙaru da yawan da ake buƙata, bayan wannan iyaka, danko zai ragu, kuma zaɓin da bai dace ba zai iya yin tasiri ga sauran abubuwan.

Polyvinyl barasa polymer ce mai narkewar ruwa, mai kyau da ruwa mai narkewa, samar da fim, mannewa da kuma emulsification, amma kaɗan daga cikin mahaɗan halitta ne kawai za su iya narkar da shi, mahaɗan polyol kamar glycerol, ethylene glycol da polyethylene glycol mai ƙarancin nauyin kwayoyin halitta, amide, gishirin triethanolamine, dimethyl sulfoxide, da sauransu, a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin sinadarai na halitta da ke sama, ya kamata a dumama ƙaramin adadin barasar polyvinyl. Maganin ruwa na Polyvinyl alcohol tare da benzyl alcohol da cakuda formic acid mara dacewa, sauƙin lanƙwasawa, kuma a lokaci guda tare da methyl cellulose, narkewar cellulose hydroxyethyl na rashin narkewar cellulose mara kyau, amma da carboxy methyl cellulose ya fi kyau.

Polyacrylamide polymer ne mai narkewar ruwa mai layi, ana iya amfani da shi da abubuwan da aka samo daga gare shi azaman flocculants, thickener, paper enhancers da retarders, da sauransu. Ganin cewa sarkar kwayoyin halitta ta polyacrylamide ta ƙunshi rukunin amide, ana siffanta ta da yawan hydrophilicity, amma ba ta narkewa a cikin mafi yawan mafita na halitta, kamar methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether, aliphatic hydrocarbons da aromatic hydrocarbons. Maganin ruwa na Methyl cellulose a cikin benzyl alcohol nau'in acid ya fi karko, kuma nau'ikan abubuwa masu narkewar ruwa suna da kyakkyawan haɗuwa. Yawan danko ya danganta da buƙatun gini, amma tasirin kauri ba ya daidai da adadin kai tsaye, tare da ƙaruwar adadin da aka ƙara, maganin ruwa a hankali yana rage zafin gelation. Ba za a iya ƙara nau'in Benzaldehyde ta hanyar ƙara methyl cellulose don cimma babban tasirin danko ba.

5) Mai Hana Tsatsa

Domin hana tsatsa daga ƙasa (musamman magnesium da aluminum), ya kamata a ƙara wani adadin maganin hana tsatsa. Tsatsa matsala ce da ba za a iya yin watsi da ita ba a tsarin samarwa, kuma ya kamata a wanke abubuwan da aka yi wa fenti da ruwa a busar da su ko a wanke su da rosin da fetur a kan lokaci don tabbatar da cewa ƙarfe da sauran abubuwa ba su lalace ba.

6) Masu hana masu canzawa

Gabaɗaya dai, abubuwan da ke da kyakkyawan ikon shiga cikin jiki suna da sauƙin narkewa, don haka domin hana raguwar manyan ƙwayoyin narkewar abinci, ya kamata a ƙara wani adadin mai hana narkewar abinci a cikin mai cire fenti don rage raguwar ƙwayoyin narkewar abinci a cikin tsarin samarwa, jigilar su, adanawa da amfani. Lokacin da aka shafa mai cire fenti mai kakin paraffin a saman fenti, za a samar da siririn kakin paraffin a saman, don haka manyan ƙwayoyin narkewar abinci za su sami isasshen lokaci don su zauna su shiga cikin fim ɗin fenti don a cire su, don haka inganta tasirin cire fenti. Kakin paraffin mai ƙarfi shi kaɗai yakan haifar da ƙarancin wargajewa, kuma ƙaramin adadin kakin paraffin zai kasance a saman bayan cire fenti, wanda zai shafi sake fesawa. Idan ya cancanta, a ƙara emulsifier don rage tashin hankali a saman don a iya wargaza kakin paraffin da kakin paraffin na ruwa kuma a inganta daidaiton ajiyarsa.

7) Maganin Surfactant

Ƙara surfactants, kamar amphoteric surfactants (misali, imidazoline) ko ethoxynonylphenol, na iya taimakawa wajen inganta daidaiton ajiyar fenti da kuma sauƙaƙe kurkura fenti da ruwa. A lokaci guda, amfani da ƙwayoyin surfactant tare da halaye biyu masu kama da juna na surfactant, na iya shafar tasirin narkewa; amfani da tasirin rukuni na surfactant colloidal, don haka narkewar abubuwa da yawa a cikin sinadarin ya ƙaru sosai. Surfactants da aka fi amfani da su sune propylene glycol, sodium polymethacrylate ko sodium xylenesulfonate.

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