Manyan kaddarorin guda biyar na tarwatsa rini:

Ƙarfin ɗagawa, ikon rufewa, kwanciyar hankali tarwatsawa, ƙwarewar PH, dacewa.

1. Ƙarfin ɗagawa
1. Ma'anar ikon ɗagawa:
Ƙarfin ɗagawa yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman kaddarorin tarwatsa rini. Wannan sifa tana nuna cewa lokacin da ake amfani da kowane rini don yin rini ko bugu, ana ƙara yawan rini a hankali, kuma girman zurfin launi akan masana'anta (ko yarn) yana ƙaruwa daidai da haka. Don rini tare da ikon ɗagawa mai kyau, zurfin rini yana ƙaruwa bisa ga yawan adadin rini, yana nuna cewa akwai mafi kyawun rini mai zurfi; rini tare da matalauta dagawa iko da matalauta zurfin rini. Lokacin isa wani zurfin, launi ba zai ƙara zurfafa ba yayin da adadin rini ya karu.
2. Tasirin dagawa akan rini:
Ƙarfin ɗagawa na tarwatsa rini ya bambanta sosai tsakanin takamaiman iri. Rini mai ƙarfin ɗagawa ya kamata a yi amfani da launuka masu zurfi da kauri, kuma za a iya amfani da rini masu ƙarancin ɗagawa don haske mai haske da launuka masu haske. Sai kawai ta hanyar ƙware da halayen rini da amfani da su daidai gwargwado za a iya cimma tasirin ceton rini da rage farashi.
3. Gwajin dagawa:
Ana bayyana ikon ɗaga rini na babban zafin jiki da rini mai ƙarfi a cikin %. A ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun yanayin rini, ana auna yawan gajiyar rini a cikin maganin rini, ko ƙimar zurfin launi na samfurin rini an auna kai tsaye. Za a iya raba zurfin rini na kowane rini zuwa matakai shida bisa ga 1, 2, 3.5, 5, 7.5, 10% (OMF), kuma ana yin rini a cikin ƙaramin na'ura mai zafi da matsa lamba. Ƙarfin ɗagawa na rini mai narke mai zafi ko bugu na yadi yana bayyana a g/L.
Dangane da ainihin samarwa, ƙarfin ɗagawa na rini shine canji a cikin maida hankali na maganin rini, wato, canjin inuwar da aka gama dangane da abin da aka rini. Wannan canjin ba wai kawai ba zai iya yiwuwa ba, amma kuma zai iya auna daidai ƙimar zurfin launi tare da taimakon kayan aiki, sannan ƙididdige lanƙwan ƙarfin ɗagawa na rini mai tarwatsawa ta hanyar zurfin dabarar launi.
2. Rufe iko

1. Menene ikon rufe rini?

Kamar yadda ake boye matattun auduga ta hanyar rini masu amsawa ko rini na vatawa yayin rini auduga, boyewar tarwatsa rini akan polyester mara kyau ana kiransa ɗaukar hoto a nan. Polyester (ko acetate fiber) filament yadudduka, ciki har da saƙa, sau da yawa da launi shading bayan da aka yanki-rina da tarwatsa dyes. Akwai dalilai da yawa na bayanin launi, wasu na saƙa ne, wasu kuma ana fallasa su bayan rini saboda bambancin ingancin fiber.

2. Gwajin ɗaukar hoto:

Zaɓin ƙananan masana'anta na polyester filament, rini tare da tarwatsa dyes na launuka daban-daban da iri a ƙarƙashin yanayin rini ɗaya, yanayi daban-daban zasu faru. Wasu nau'ikan launi suna da mahimmanci wasu kuma ba a bayyane suke ba, wanda ke nuna cewa rini na tarwatsa suna da nau'ikan launi daban-daban. Digiri na ɗaukar hoto. Dangane da ma'aunin launin toka, aji 1 tare da bambancin launi mai mahimmanci da sa 5 ba tare da bambancin launi ba.

Ƙarfin rufewa na tarwatsa rini akan fayil ɗin launi yana ƙaddara ta tsarin rini kanta. Yawancin rini tare da babban adadin rini na farko, jinkirin yaduwa da ƙaura mara kyau suna da ƙarancin ɗaukar hoto akan fayil ɗin launi. Rufe iko kuma yana da alaƙa da saurin sublimation.

3. Binciken aikin rini na filament polyester:

Akasin haka, ana iya amfani da rinayen tarwatsewa tare da ƙarancin rufewa don gano ingancin zaruruwan polyester. Hanyoyin samar da fiber maras ƙarfi, gami da canje-canje a cikin zayyanawa da saita sigogi, zai haifar da rashin daidaituwa a cikin alaƙar fiber. Dyeability ingancin dubawa na polyester filaments yawanci ana yin shi tare da madaidaicin suturar rini Eastman Fast Blue GLF (CI Dispersse Blue 27), zurfin rini 1%, tafasa a 95 ~ 100 ℃ na mintuna 30, wankewa da bushewa bisa ga matakin launi. bambanci Rating grading.

4. Rigakafin a samarwa:

Don hana abin da ya faru na shading launi a cikin ainihin samarwa, mataki na farko shine ƙarfafa kulawa da ingancin kayan albarkatun fiber polyester. Dole ne injin saƙa ya yi amfani da ragi kafin ya canza samfurin. Ga sanannen ƙarancin ingancin albarkatun ƙasa, tarwatsa rini tare da ingantaccen ikon rufewa za'a iya zaɓin don guje wa lalatar ƙaƙƙarfan samfurin.

3. Watsawa kwanciyar hankali

1. Watsawa kwanciyar hankali na tarwatsa dyes:

Ana zuba rini a cikin ruwa sannan a watsar da su cikin tarkace. An faɗaɗa girman girman barbashi bisa ga tsarin binomial, tare da matsakaicin ƙimar 0.5 zuwa 1 micron. The barbashi size high quality- kasuwanci dyes ne sosai kusa, kuma akwai wani babban kashi, wanda za a iya nuna ta barbashi size rarraba kwana. Rini tare da matalauta barbashi size rarraba da m barbashi na daban-daban masu girma dabam da matalauta watsawa kwanciyar hankali. Idan girman barbashi da yawa ya zarce matsakaicin iyaka, recrystallization na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya faruwa. Saboda karuwar manyan ɓangarorin recrystallized, rinayen suna zubewa kuma ana ajiye su a bangon injin ɗin rini ko a kan zaruruwa.

Domin sanya kyawawan barbashi na rini su zama tsayayyen ruwa mai tarwatsewa, dole ne a sami isasshen taro na tarwatsewar rini a cikin ruwa. Abubuwan rini suna kewaye da masu tarwatsewa, wanda ke hana rinayen kusanci da juna, yana hana haɗuwa ko haɓakawa. Rashin cajin anion yana taimakawa wajen daidaitawa. Anfi amfani da anionic dispersants sun hada da na halitta lignosulfonates ko roba naphthalene sulfonic acid dispersants: akwai kuma wadanda ba ionic dispersants, wanda akasarinsu alkylphenol polyoxyethylene samu, wanda aka musamman amfani da roba manna bugu.

2. Abubuwan da ke shafar tarwatsawar kwanciyar hankali na dyes:

Najasa a cikin rini na asali na iya yin illa ga yanayin tarwatsewa. Canjin kristal ɗin rini shima muhimmin abu ne. Wasu jihohin crystal suna da sauƙin tarwatsewa, yayin da wasu ba su da sauƙi. A lokacin aikin rini, yanayin kristal na rini wani lokaci yana canzawa.

Lokacin da rini aka tarwatsa a cikin ruwa bayani, saboda da tasiri na waje dalilai, da barga jihar da watsawa ya lalace, wanda zai iya haifar da sabon abu na rini crystal karuwa, barbashi tara da flocculation.

Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin tarawa da ɗigon ruwa shi ne cewa na farko na iya sake bacewa, yana jujjuyawa, kuma ana iya sake tarwatsa shi ta hanyar motsawa, yayin da rini da aka fesa ya zama tarwatsewa wanda ba zai iya dawo da kwanciyar hankali ba. Sakamakon yaɗuwar ɓangarorin rini ya haifar sun haɗa da: tabo masu launi, canza launi a hankali, ƙananan yawan amfanin ƙasa, rini marar daidaituwa, da ɓacin tanki.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na tarwatsewar ruwan barasa sun kasance kamar haka: ƙarancin ingancin rini, yawan zafin rini, tsayi mai tsayi, saurin fantsama, ƙarancin ƙimar pH, kayan taimako mara kyau, da ƙazantattun yadudduka.

3. Gwajin kwanciyar hankali tarwatsewa:

A. Tace hanyar takarda:
Tare da 10 g/L tarwatsa maganin rini, ƙara acetic acid don daidaita ƙimar pH. Ɗauki ml 500 sannan a tace tare da takarda tace #2 akan mazurari don lura da kyawun barbashi. Ɗauki wani 400 ml mai zafi mai zafi da injin rini mai tsayi don gwaji mara kyau, zazzage shi zuwa 130 ° C, dumi shi tsawon awa 1, kwantar da shi, sannan tace shi da takarda tace don kwatanta canje-canje a cikin ingancin launi. . Bayan an tace ruwan barasa mai zafi a babban zafin jiki, babu alamun launi a kan takarda, yana nuna cewa kwanciyar hankali na watsawa yana da kyau.

B. Hanyar dabbobi masu launi:
Dye maida hankali 2.5% (nauyin zuwa polyester), wanka rabo 1:30, ƙara 1 ml na 10% ammonium sulfate, daidaita zuwa pH 5 tare da 1% acetic acid, kai 10 grams na polyester saƙa masana'anta, mirgine shi a kan m bango, kuma ana zagawa ciki da wajen maganin rini A cikin ƙaramin injin rini mai zafi mai zafi da matsa lamba, ana ƙara yawan zafin jiki zuwa 130 ° C a 80 ° C, ana ajiye shi na minti 10, sanyaya zuwa 100 ° C, wanke kuma bushe a ciki. ruwa, kuma an lura ko akwai tabo masu launin rini akan masana'anta.

Na hudu, pH sensitivity

1. Menene ji na pH?

Akwai nau'ikan rini masu tarwatsewa da yawa, faffadan chromatograms, da mabanbantan hankali ga pH. Maganin rini tare da ƙimar pH daban-daban sau da yawa yana haifar da sakamako daban-daban, yana shafar zurfin launi, har ma yana haifar da canje-canjen launi mai tsanani. A cikin matsakaiciyar acidic mai rauni (pH4.5 ~ 5.5), tarwatsa rini suna cikin mafi kwanciyar hankali.

Ma'aunin pH na maganin rini na kasuwanci ba iri ɗaya ba ne, wasu suna tsaka tsaki, wasu kuma ɗan alkaline ne. Kafin rini, daidaita zuwa ƙayyadadden pH tare da acetic acid. A lokacin aikin rini, wani lokacin ƙimar pH na maganin rini zai ƙaru a hankali. Idan ya cancanta, ana iya ƙara formic acid da ammonium sulfate don kiyaye maganin rini a cikin yanayin acid mai rauni.

2. Tasirin tsarin rini akan halayen pH:

Wasu tarwatsa rini tare da tsarin azo suna da matukar damuwa ga alkali kuma ba su da juriya ga raguwa. Yawancin tarwatsa dyes tare da ƙungiyoyin ester, ƙungiyoyin cyano ko ƙungiyoyin amide za su shafi hydrolysis na alkaline, wanda zai shafi inuwa ta al'ada. Ana iya rina wasu nau'ikan a cikin wanka guda tare da rini kai tsaye ko fenti a cikin wanka ɗaya tare da rini mai amsawa koda kuwa an yi musu rina ne a matsanancin zafin jiki ƙarƙashin tsaka tsaki ko raunin alkaline ba tare da canza launi ba.

Lokacin da ake buguwa masu launi suna buƙatar amfani da rini mai tarwatsawa da rini mai amsawa don bugawa daidai gwargwado, rinayen alkali-stable kawai za a iya amfani da su don guje wa tasirin soda ash ko ash soda akan inuwa. Kula da hankali na musamman don daidaita launi. Wajibi ne a wuce gwajin kafin canza launin launi, kuma gano kewayon kwanciyar hankali na pH na rini.
5. Daidaituwa

1. Ma'anar dacewa:

A cikin samar da rini mai yawa, don samun haɓaka mai kyau, yawanci ana buƙatar kayan rini na riniyoyin rini guda uku na farko da aka yi amfani da su sun yi kama da tabbatar da cewa bambancin launi ya daidaita kafin da bayan batches. Yadda za a sarrafa bambancin launi tsakanin batches na kayan da aka gama rina a cikin kewayon inganci da aka yarda? Wannan tambaya ɗaya ce da ta ƙunshi daidaitattun launi na rubutun rini, wanda ake kira daidaitawar rini (wanda kuma aka sani da dacewa da rini). Daidaituwar rini mai tarwatsewa kuma yana da alaƙa da zurfin rini.

Rini na tarwatsewa da ake amfani da su don rini na acetate cellulose yawanci ana buƙatar su kasance masu launi a kusan 80 ° C. Zazzabi mai launi na rini yana da yawa ko kuma ƙasa da ƙasa, wanda bai dace da daidaita launi ba.

2. Gwajin dacewa:

Lokacin da aka yi rina polyester a babban zafin jiki da matsanancin matsin lamba, halayen rini na tarwatsa rini suna sau da yawa canza saboda shigar da wani rini. Ka'ida ta gaba ɗaya ita ce zabar rini masu kama da yanayin zafi mai mahimmanci don daidaita launi. Don bincika daidaituwar kayan rini, ana iya yin jerin ƙananan gwaje-gwajen rini a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kama da kayan aikin rini, da mahimman sigogin tsari irin su ƙaddamar da girke-girke, zafin jiki na maganin rini da rini. ana canza lokaci don kwatanta launi da daidaiton haske na samfuran masana'anta da aka rina. , Sanya rini tare da mafi kyawun daidaitawar rini cikin rukuni ɗaya.

3. Yadda za a zabi dacewa da dyes a hankali?

Lokacin da polyester-auduga gauraye yadudduka aka rina a cikin zafi narke, da launi matching dyes dole ne su kasance da irin wannan kaddarorin kamar monochromatic dyes. Yanayin narkewa da lokaci ya kamata ya dace da daidaitattun halaye na rini don tabbatar da mafi girman yawan yawan launi. Kowane rini mai launi ɗaya yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun yanayin zafi mai narkewa, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman tushen zaɓi na farko na rini masu dacewa da launi. Nau'in zafin jiki na tarwatsa dyes yawanci ba zai iya daidaita launuka tare da nau'in yanayin zafi ba, saboda suna buƙatar yanayin zafi daban-daban. Matsakaicin dyes na zafin jiki ba zai iya daidaita launuka kawai tare da rinayen zafin jiki ba, amma kuma suna da dacewa tare da rini mai ƙarancin zafin jiki. Madaidaicin launi mai ma'ana dole ne yayi la'akari da daidaito tsakanin kaddarorin dyes da saurin launi. Sakamakon daidaitaccen launi na sabani shine cewa inuwa ba ta da ƙarfi kuma sake fasalin launi na samfurin ba shi da kyau.

An yi imani da cewa siffar madaidaicin zafi mai narkewa na dyes iri ɗaya ne ko makamancin haka, kuma adadin yadudduka na yadudduka na monochromatic akan fim ɗin polyester shima iri ɗaya ne. Lokacin da aka rina rini biyu tare, hasken launi a cikin kowane Layer na watsawa ya kasance baya canzawa, yana nuna cewa su biyun Riniyoyin suna da jituwa mai kyau tare da juna a daidaitaccen launi; akasin haka, siffar gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren zafi mai zafi na rini ya bambanta (alal misali, ɗaya mai lankwasa yana tasowa tare da karuwar zafin jiki, ɗayan kuma yana raguwa tare da karuwar zafin jiki), Layer na yaduwa na monochromatic akan polyester. fim Lokacin da aka rina rini biyu tare da lambobi daban-daban tare, inuwar da ke cikin Layer na yaduwa sun bambanta, don haka bai dace da juna su dace da launuka ba, amma launi ɗaya ba ya ƙarƙashin wannan ƙuntatawa. Ɗauki chestnut: Warwatsa duhu blue HGL da tarwatsa ja 3B ko tarwatsa rawaya RGFL da gaba daya daban-daban zafi-narke gyara lankwasa, da kuma yawan watsa yadudduka a kan polyester film ne quite daban-daban, kuma ba za su iya daidaita launuka. Tunda Dissperse Red M-BL da Dissperse Red 3B suna da nau'ikan launuka iri ɗaya, har yanzu ana iya amfani da su wajen daidaita launi duk da cewa kayansu na narke mai zafi ba su da daidaituwa.