Manyan halaye guda biyar na rini masu warwatse:

Ƙarfin ɗagawa, rufe iko, kwanciyar hankali na watsawa, ƙarfin PH, dacewar aiki.

1. Ƙarfin ɗagawa
1. Ma'anar ƙarfin ɗagawa:
Ƙarfin ɗagawa yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman halaye na rini mai warwatse. Wannan halayyar tana nuna cewa lokacin da aka yi amfani da kowace rini don rini ko bugawa, adadin rini yana ƙaruwa a hankali, kuma matakin zurfin launi akan masakar (ko zare) yana ƙaruwa daidai gwargwado. Ga rini masu ƙarfin ɗagawa mai kyau, zurfin rini yana ƙaruwa gwargwadon rabon rini, yana nuna cewa akwai rini mai zurfi mafi kyau; rini masu ƙarancin ƙarfin ɗagawa suna da ƙarancin rini mai zurfi. Lokacin da suka isa wani zurfin, launin ba zai ƙara zurfafa ba yayin da adadin rini ke ƙaruwa.
2. Tasirin ƙarfin ɗagawa akan rini:
Ƙarfin ɗagawa na rini mai watsawa ya bambanta sosai tsakanin takamaiman nau'ikan. Ya kamata a yi amfani da rini mai ƙarfin ɗagawa mai yawa don launuka masu zurfi da kauri, kuma ana iya amfani da rini mai ƙarancin ɗagawa don haske mai haske da launuka masu haske. Ta hanyar sanin halayen rini da amfani da su yadda ya kamata ne kawai za a iya cimma tasirin adana rini da rage farashi.
3. Gwajin ɗagawa:
Ƙarfin ɗaga rini na zafin jiki mai yawa da kuma rini mai ƙarfi yana bayyana a cikin %. A ƙarƙashin yanayin rini da aka ƙayyade, ana auna ƙimar gajiyar rini a cikin ruwan rini, ko kuma ana auna ƙimar zurfin launi na samfurin rini kai tsaye. Za a iya raba zurfin rini na kowane rini zuwa matakai shida bisa ga 1, 2, 3.5, 5, 7.5, 10% (OMF), kuma ana yin rini a cikin ƙaramin injin samfurin mai zafi da matsin lamba mai yawa. Ƙarfin ɗaga rini na rini mai zafi ko bugu na yadi yana bayyana a cikin g/L.
Dangane da ainihin samarwa, ƙarfin ɗaga rini shine canjin yawan ruwan rini, wato, canjin inuwar samfurin da aka gama dangane da samfurin da aka rina. Wannan canjin ba wai kawai ba zai iya zama abin da ba a iya faɗi ba, har ma zai iya auna ƙimar zurfin launi daidai da taimakon kayan aiki, sannan ya ƙididdige lanƙwasa ƙarfin ɗaga rini ta hanyar dabarar zurfin launi.
2. Ikon rufewa

1. Menene ƙarfin rufe rini?

Kamar ɓoye audugar da ta mutu ta hanyar rini mai amsawa ko rini mai amfani da ruwa yayin rini da auduga, ana kiran ɓoye rini mai amfani da ruwa a kan polyester mara inganci a nan. Yadin filament na polyester (ko acetate fiber), gami da saƙa, galibi suna da inuwa mai launi bayan an rina su da rini mai aiki da ruwa. Akwai dalilai da yawa na bayyanar launin, wasu lahani ne na saka, wasu kuma suna bayyana bayan rini saboda bambancin ingancin zare.

2. Gwajin rufewa:

Zaɓar masaku masu ƙarancin ingancin polyester, rina da launukan warwatse masu launuka daban-daban da nau'ikan launuka iri ɗaya a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya na rini, yanayi daban-daban zai faru. Wasu launuka masu tsanani ne wasu kuma ba a bayyane suke ba, wanda ke nuna cewa rini masu warwatse suna da launuka daban-daban. Matakin rufewa. Dangane da ma'aunin launin toka, aji na 1 tare da bambancin launi mai tsanani da aji na 5 ba tare da bambancin launi ba.

Ƙarfin rufewar rini a kan fayil ɗin launi yana ƙayyade ne ta hanyar tsarin rini da kansa. Yawancin rini masu yawan rini na farko, yaɗuwa a hankali da kuma ƙaura mara kyau ba su da isasshen rufewa a kan fayil ɗin launi. Ƙarfin rufewa kuma yana da alaƙa da saurin sublimation.

3. Duba aikin rini na filament ɗin polyester:

Akasin haka, ana iya amfani da rini mai warwatsewa waɗanda ba su da ƙarfin rufewa don gano ingancin zaruruwan polyester. Tsarin kera zaruruwa marasa daidaito, gami da canje-canje a cikin tsarawa da saita sigogi, zai haifar da rashin daidaito a cikin ƙarfin zaruruwa. Duba ingancin rini na zaruruwan polyester yawanci ana yin shi ne ta amfani da rini mara kyau na Eastman Fast Blue GLF (CI Disperse Blue 27), zurfin rini 1%, tafasa a 95 ~ 100℃ na tsawon mintuna 30, wankewa da busarwa bisa ga matakin bambancin launi.

4. Rigakafi a cikin samarwa:

Domin hana faruwar inuwa mai launi a ainihin samarwa, mataki na farko shine a ƙarfafa kula da ingancin kayan da aka yi da zare na polyester. Dole ne injin saka ya yi amfani da zare mai yawa kafin ya canza samfurin. Domin sanin ƙarancin kayan da aka yi amfani da su, ana iya zaɓar rini mai ƙarfi don kare samfurin da aka gama daga lalacewa.

3. Daidaiton watsewa

1. Daidaiton warwatsewar launukan warwatse:

Ana zuba rini a cikin ruwa sannan a watsa shi zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana faɗaɗa rarrabawar girman ƙwayoyin cuta bisa ga tsarin binomial, tare da matsakaicin ƙimar micron 0.5 zuwa 1. Girman ƙwayoyin cuta na rini masu inganci na kasuwanci yana da kusanci sosai, kuma akwai babban kaso, wanda za a iya nuna shi ta hanyar lanƙwasa rarrabawar girman ƙwayoyin cuta. Rini masu ƙarancin rarrabawar girman ƙwayoyin cuta suna da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu girma dabam-dabam da rashin kwanciyar hankali na warwatsewa. Idan girman ƙwayoyin cuta ya wuce matsakaicin kewayon, sake sake haɗa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya faruwa. Saboda ƙaruwar manyan ƙwayoyin cuta da aka sake haɗawa, ana zubar da rini a kan bangon injin rini ko a kan zare.

Domin a yi ƙananan barbashi na rini su zama ruwan da ke warwatsewa, dole ne a sami isasshen adadin mai warwatsewar rini a cikin ruwa. Barbashi na rini suna kewaye da mai warwatsewa, wanda ke hana rini kusanci da juna, yana hana haɗuwa ko haɗuwa. Korar anion yana taimakawa wajen daidaita watsawa. Masu warwatsewar anionic da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da lignosulfonates na halitta ko masu warwatsewar naphthalene sulfonic acid na roba: akwai kuma masu warwatsewa marasa ionic, yawancinsu alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ne, waɗanda ake amfani da su musamman don buga manna na roba.

2. Abubuwan da ke shafar daidaiton warwatsewar rini:

Rashin datti a cikin rini na asali na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga yanayin warwatsewa. Canjin lu'ulu'u na rini shima muhimmin abu ne. Wasu yanayin lu'ulu'u suna da sauƙin warwatsewa, yayin da wasu ba su da sauƙi. A lokacin rini, yanayin lu'ulu'u na rini wani lokacin yana canzawa.

Idan aka warwatse rini a cikin ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi, saboda tasirin abubuwan waje, yanayin da aka samu na warwatsewar zai lalace, wanda hakan zai iya haifar da karuwar lu'ulu'u na rini, tarin barbashi da kuma flocculation.

Bambancin da ke tsakanin tarin abubuwa da flocculation shine na farko zai iya ɓacewa kuma, za a iya mayar da shi baya, kuma za a iya sake watsa shi ta hanyar juyawa, yayin da flocculation rini wani tarwatsewa ne wanda ba za a iya mayar da shi daidai ba. Sakamakon da flocculation na barbashi na red ya haifar sun haɗa da: tabo masu launi, rage launi, ƙarancin yawan launi, rini mara daidaito, da kuma gurɓataccen tanki.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin daidaiton watsa ruwan rini sune kamar haka: rashin ingancin rini, yawan zafin ruwan rini, tsawon lokaci, saurin famfo mai sauri, ƙarancin ƙimar pH, kayan taimako marasa kyau, da kuma yadudduka masu datti.

3. Gwajin daidaiton watsawa:

A. Hanyar tace takarda:
Da ruwan rini mai warwatse na 10 g/L, ƙara acetic acid don daidaita ƙimar pH. Ɗauki 500 ml sannan a tace da takardar tacewa ta #2 a kan mazubin porcelain don lura da kyawun barbashi. A ɗauki wani 400 ml a cikin injin rini mai zafi da matsin lamba mai yawa don gwaji mara komai, a dumama shi zuwa 130°C, a ajiye shi a ɗumi na tsawon awa 1, a kwantar da shi, sannan a tace shi da takardar tacewa don kwatanta canje-canje a cikin kyawun barbashi mai rini. Bayan an tace ruwan rini mai zafi da aka dumama a babban zafin jiki, babu alamun launi a kan takardar, wanda ke nuna cewa daidaiton warwatsewa yana da kyau.

B. Hanyar yin launin dabbobin gida:
Yawan rini 2.5% (nauyi da polyester), rabon wanka 1:30, ƙara 1 ml na ammonium sulfate 10%, daidaita zuwa pH 5 da 1% acetic acid, ɗauki gram 10 na polyester da aka saka, birgima shi a kan bango mai ramuka, sannan a zagaya ciki da wajen maganin rini. A cikin ƙaramin injin rini mai zafi da matsin lamba, ana ƙara zafin zuwa 130°C a 80°C, a ajiye na minti 10, a sanyaya zuwa 100°C, a wanke a busar da shi a cikin ruwa, sannan a lura ko akwai tabo masu launi a kan rini.

Na huɗu, pH sensitivity

1. Menene tasirin pH?

Akwai nau'ikan rini da yawa na warwatsewa, faffadan chromatograms, da kuma bambancin yanayin pH. Rini mai ma'aunin pH daban-daban galibi yana haifar da sakamako daban-daban na rini, yana shafar zurfin launi, har ma yana haifar da manyan canje-canje a launi. A cikin matsakaici mai rauni mai acidic (pH4.5~5.5), rini mai warwatse suna cikin yanayi mafi kwanciyar hankali.

Darajar pH na maganin rini na kasuwanci ba iri ɗaya ba ne, wasu suna tsaka tsaki, wasu kuma suna da ɗan alkaline. Kafin a rini, a daidaita da takamaiman pH tare da acetic acid. A lokacin rini, wani lokacin ƙimar pH na maganin rini zai ƙaru a hankali. Idan ya cancanta, ana iya ƙara formic acid da ammonium sulfate don kiyaye maganin rini a cikin yanayin acid mai rauni.

2. Tasirin tsarin rini akan tasirin pH:

Wasu rini masu rarrabawa tare da tsarin azo suna da matukar tasiri ga alkali kuma ba sa jure wa raguwa. Yawancin rini masu rarrabawa tare da rukunin ester, ƙungiyoyin cyano ko ƙungiyoyin amide za su fuskanci hydrolysis na alkaline, wanda zai shafi inuwa ta al'ada. Ana iya rina wasu nau'ikan a cikin wanka ɗaya tare da rini kai tsaye ko kushin da aka rina a cikin wanka ɗaya tare da rini mai amsawa koda kuwa an rina su a zafin jiki mai yawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsaka tsaki ko rauni na alkaline ba tare da canza launi ba.

Idan masu canza launi na bugawa suna buƙatar amfani da rini mai warwatse da rini mai amsawa don bugawa a girman iri ɗaya, za a iya amfani da rini mai karko na alkali kawai don guje wa tasirin baking soda ko ash na soda akan inuwa. Kula da launi na musamman. Yana da mahimmanci a ci jarrabawa kafin a canza nau'in rini, kuma a gano kewayon daidaiton pH na rini.
5. Daidaituwa

1. Ma'anar jituwa:

A fannin rini mai yawa, domin a sami ingantaccen sake haifuwa, yawanci ana buƙatar cewa halayen rini na manyan rini uku da aka yi amfani da su sun yi kama da juna don tabbatar da cewa bambancin launi ya kasance daidai kafin da kuma bayan rukuni. Ta yaya za a iya sarrafa bambancin launi tsakanin rukuni na samfuran da aka gama rini a cikin kewayon inganci da aka yarda? Wannan ita ce tambaya iri ɗaya da ta shafi daidaiton launi na umarnin rini, wanda ake kira daidaiton rini (wanda kuma aka sani da daidaiton rini). Dacewar rini mai warwatse kuma tana da alaƙa da zurfin rini.

Rini mai rarrabawa da ake amfani da shi wajen rini da cellulose acetate yawanci ana buƙatar a yi masa fenti a kusan digiri 80 na Celsius. Zafin launi na rini yana da yawa ko ƙasa da haka, wanda hakan ba ya dace da daidaita launi.

2. Gwajin jituwa:

Idan aka rina polyester a yanayin zafi mai yawa da matsin lamba mai yawa, sau da yawa ana canza halayen rini na rini masu warwatse saboda haɗa wani rini. Babban ƙa'idar ita ce a zaɓi rini masu irin wannan yanayin zafin rini mai mahimmanci don daidaita launi. Domin bincika daidaiton rini, ana iya yin jerin ƙananan gwaje-gwajen rini na samfura a ƙarƙashin yanayi makamancin kayan aikin rini, kuma ana canza manyan sigogin tsari kamar yawan girke-girke, zafin maganin rini da lokacin rini don kwatanta launi da daidaiton haske na samfuran masana'anta masu rini. Sanya rini masu dacewa da rini mafi kyau a cikin rukuni ɗaya.

3. Ta yaya za a zaɓi jituwar rini da kyau?

Lokacin da aka rina yadin da aka haɗa da polyester-auduga a cikin narkewar zafi, rini masu dacewa da launi dole ne su kasance suna da halaye iri ɗaya da rini mai launin monochromatic. Ya kamata zafin narkewa da lokacin ya dace da halayen gyara rini don tabbatar da mafi girman yawan launi. Kowane rini mai launi ɗaya yana da takamaiman lanƙwasa na gyara zafi, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi azaman tushen zaɓin farko na rini masu dacewa da launi. Rini mai watsawa na nau'in zafin jiki mai yawa yawanci ba za su iya daidaita launuka tare da nau'in zafin jiki mai ƙarancin zafi ba, saboda suna buƙatar yanayin zafi daban-daban na narkewa. Rini mai matsakaicin zafin jiki ba wai kawai zai iya daidaita launuka tare da rini mai zafi ba, har ma yana da jituwa da rini mai ƙarancin zafin jiki. Daidaita launi mai ma'ana dole ne ya yi la'akari da daidaito tsakanin halayen rini da saurin launi. Sakamakon daidaitawar launi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba shine cewa inuwa ba ta da ƙarfi kuma sake haifar da launi na samfurin ba shi da kyau.

Gabaɗaya ana kyautata zaton cewa siffar lanƙwasa mai gyaran zafi na rini iri ɗaya ne ko iri ɗaya, kuma adadin lanƙwasa mai watsawa monochromatic akan fim ɗin polyester iri ɗaya ne. Lokacin da aka rina rini biyu tare, hasken launi a cikin kowane lanƙwasa mai watsawa ba ya canzawa, yana nuna cewa rini biyun suna da kyakkyawar jituwa da juna a cikin daidaiton launi; akasin haka, siffar lanƙwasa mai gyaran zafi na rini ya bambanta (misali, lanƙwasa ɗaya yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki, ɗayan lanƙwasa kuma yana raguwa tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki), lanƙwasa mai watsawa monochromatic akan fim ɗin polyester Lokacin da aka rina rini biyu masu lambobi daban-daban tare, launuka a cikin lanƙwasa mai watsawa sun bambanta, don haka bai dace da juna su daidaita launuka ba, amma launi ɗaya ba ya ƙarƙashin wannan ƙuntatawa. Ɗauki chestnut: Warwatsa HGL mai duhu shuɗi kuma warwatsa ja 3B ko warwatsa rawaya RGFL suna da lanƙwasa mai gyaran zafi daban-daban, kuma adadin lanƙwasa mai watsawa akan fim ɗin polyester ya bambanta sosai, kuma ba za su iya daidaita launuka ba. Tunda Disperse Red M-BL da Disperse Red 3B suna da launuka iri ɗaya, har yanzu ana iya amfani da su wajen daidaita launi duk da cewa halayensu na narkewar zafi ba su da daidaito.