01 Gabaɗaya halin da ake ciki

MDI (diphenylmethane diisocyanic acid) wani abu ne na polyurethane wanda aka hada ta hanyar isocyanate, polyol da wakilinsa, wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin kayan gida, gine-gine, sufuri da sauran wurare.

Ana ɗaukar MDI a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan samfuran da ke da mafi girman shingen shinge a cikin masana'antar sinadarai. Tsarin kira na isocyanate yana da tsawo, ciki har da amsawar nitration, ragi da amsawar acidification.

Akwai manyan hanyoyin samar da MDI guda biyu: phosgenation da rashin fosgenation. Tsarin Phosgene shine fasaha na yau da kullun don samar da masana'antu na isocyanates a halin yanzu, kuma shine kawai hanyar da za ta iya cimma babban adadin samar da isocyanates. Duk da haka, phosgene yana da guba sosai, kuma ana buƙatar yin aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin acid mai ƙarfi, wanda ke buƙatar kayan aiki da fasaha.

02 iri

MDI gabaɗaya an kasu kashi uku: polymer MDI, MDI mai tsafta da MDI da aka gyara:

Polymerized MDI albarkatun kasa ne don samar da kumfa mai wuyar polyurethane da kumfa mai ƙarfi, kuma ana amfani da samfuran da aka gama a cikin firiji, kayan kariya na thermal, sassan datsa motoci da sauran masana'antu.

MDI mai tsabta an fi amfani dashi a cikin kera nau'ikan nau'ikan polyurethane elastomers, galibi ana amfani da su a cikin samar da thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers, spandex, slurry fata na PU, adhesives na takalma, kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin kayan elastomer microporous, irin su tafin hannu, m taya, kai kai. - kumfa mai kumfa, tarkacen mota, sassan datti na ciki, da kera na'urar simintin gyare-gyare na polyurethane.

A matsayin wanda aka samu na samfuran jerin samfuran MDI, MDI da aka gyara shine haɓakar fasaha na MDI mai tsafta da samfuran MDI na polymerized da aka saba amfani da su a kasuwa a halin yanzu, kuma yana iya ba da amfani na musamman da kaddarorin sarrafawa gwargwadon bambancin ƙirar tsarin samfuri da tsarin hadawa, don haka kamar yadda za a yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin kumfa mai laushi, elastomers, coatings, adhesives da sauran filayen.

03 Sama da ƙasa na sarkar masana'antu

Sama don samar da mai, iskar gas, taman ƙarfe da sauran albarkatu;

Matsakaicin matsakaici shine sinadarai tsakanin albarkatun ƙasa da samfuran ƙarshe na ƙasa, wakiltar WH Chemical, WX petrochemical, da sauransu.

Ƙarƙashin ƙasa shine samfuran sinadarai na ƙarshe, irin su robobi, roba, magungunan kashe qwari, takin zamani, da sauransu, wanda ke wakiltar kamfanin JF Technology, LL taya, sunadarai na RL, HR Hengsheng, da sauransu.

04 Binciken nema da bambance-bambancen kasuwa

Polyurethane da MDI ke samarwa yana da nau'ikan aikace-aikacen ƙasa, galibi ana amfani da su a cikin masana'antar gini, masana'antar gida, kayan aikin gida, masana'antar sufuri, masana'antar takalmi, da sauransu. Saboda haka, amfani da MDI yana da alaƙa sosai da matakin wadatar tattalin arzikin duniya.

Daga hangen nesa na duniya, jimillar tsarin amfani da MDI polymerized a cikin 2021 ya fi girma: 49% don masana'antar gini, 21% don kayan aikin gida, 17% don adhesives, da 11% na motoci.

Daga mahallin cikin gida, adadin tsarin amfani da MDI na polymerized a cikin 2021 ya fi yawa: 40% na fararen kaya, 28% don masana'antar gini, 16% don adhesives, da 7% na motoci.

05 Tsarin gasa

Bangaren samarwa na MDI yana gabatar da tsarin gasa na oligopoly. Akwai manyan masana'antun MDI guda takwas a duniya, kuma manyan masana'antun guda uku ta hanyar iya aiki sune WH Chemical, BASF da Covestro, tare da haɗin gwiwar kamfanonin uku da ke lissafin sama da kashi 60% na ƙarfin samarwa a duniya. Daga cikin su, WH Chemical ita ce kan gaba a masana'antar MDI ta kasar Sin, kuma babbar masana'antar kera MDI a duniya.