N,N-Dimethylaniline

Wanda kuma aka sani da dimethyl tiphenylamine, ruwa mai mai mai launi zuwa rawaya mai haske, mai ƙamshi mai kaifi, mai sauƙin oxidize a cikin iska ko ƙarƙashin rana kuma ana amfani da ze mai duhu. Yawan da ke tsakanin (20 ℃ / 4 ℃) 0.9555, wurin daskarewa 2.0 ℃, wurin tafasa 193 ℃, wurin walƙiya (buɗewa) 77 ℃, wurin walƙiya 317 ℃, danko (25 ℃) 1.528mpa-s, ma'aunin haske (n20D) 1.5584. Yana narkewa a cikin ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene da sauran abubuwan narkewa na halitta. Yana narkewa a cikin nau'ikan mahaɗan halitta. Yana narkewa kaɗan a cikin ruwa. Yana ƙonewa kuma zai ƙone idan akwai harshen wuta a buɗe. Tururi da iska za su samar da cakuda mai fashewa tare da iyakar fashewa na 1.2% ~ 7.0% (vol). Yana da guba sosai, kuma iskar aniline mai guba ana fitar da ita ta hanyar rugujewar makamashin zafi mai yawa. Ana iya sha ta fata kuma ta haifar da guba, LD501410mg/kg, matsakaicin yawan iska da aka yarda da shi shine 5mg/m3.
Hanyar ajiya
1. Gargaɗi game da Ajiya[25] A adana a cikin ma'ajiyar ajiya mai sanyi da iska mai kyau. A ajiye a nesa da hanyoyin wuta da zafi. A rufe kwantenar. Ya kamata a adana shi daban da acid, halogens, da sinadarai masu ci, kuma kada a taɓa gauraya shi. An sanya masa nau'ikan kayan aikin kashe gobara da suka dace. Ya kamata a sanya masa wurin ajiyar kayan aikin gaggawa don ɓuya da kayan mafaka masu dacewa.

2. A ɗauki marufi mai rufe ganga na ƙarfe, kilogiram 180 a kowace ganga, sannan a adana a wuri mai sanyi da iska. A adana kuma a kai shi bisa ga ƙa'idodin kayan da ke iya kama da wuta da guba.
hanyar haɗakarwa
1. Ana samunsa ta hanyar amsawar da ke tsakanin aniline da methanol a gaban sulfuric acid a yanayin zafi mai yawa da matsin lamba mai yawa. Gudun tsari: 1. Ana ƙara kilogiram 790 na aniline, kilogiram 625 na methanol, kilogiram 85 na sulfuric acid (ammonium 100%) a cikin kettle na amsawa, zafin sarrafawa 210-215℃, matsin lamba 3.1MPa, amsawa na tsawon awanni 4, sannan a saki matsin, ana fitar da kayan zuwa mai rabawa, an rage shi da kashi 30% na sodium hydroxide, static, sannan a raba gishirin ammonium na ƙasan quaternary. Sannan a zafin 160 ℃, 0.7-0.9MPa hydrolysis reaction na tsawon awanni 3, samfuran hydrolysis da saman Layer na kayan mai suna haɗuwa ta hanyar wankewa bayan narkar da samfurin da aka gama.

2. Ta amfani da methanol da aniline a matsayin kayan masarufi, ana haɗa shi ta hanyar alumina catalyst a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi na 200-250℃ tare da yawan methanol da matsin lamba na yanayi. Adadin amfani da kayan masarufi: aniline 790kg/t, methanol 625kg/t, sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Shirye-shiryen dakin gwaje-gwaje na iya amsawa aniline tare da trimethyl phosphate.

3, aniline da methanol da aka gauraya (n aniline: n methanol ≈ 1:3), kuma ta hanyar famfon auna bugun jini wanda ba ya juyewa a cikin iska mai saurin awa 0.5-1 zuwa cikin na'urar da aka sanye da mai kara kuzari, amsawar ta fara fitowa zuwa cikin mai raba gas-ruwa na gilashi, mai rabawa a ƙarƙashin ruwan da aka tattara a tazara ta yau da kullun don nazarin chromatographic.

A shekara ta 2001, Jami'ar Nankai da Tianjin Ruikai Technology Development Co., Ltd. sun haɗu suka ƙirƙiro wani sinadarin methylation mai inganci sosai, kuma suka cimma haɗakar sinadarin N,N-dimethyl aniline a cikin iskar gas. Tsarin shine kamar haka: Ana haɗa aniline mai ruwa da methanol, a saka shi a cikin hasumiyar tururi, sannan a saka shi cikin wani injin reactor mai saurin iska na 0.5-1.0h-1 (gadon da aka gyara na injin reactor ɗin yana da na'urar nano-solid catalyst), kuma ana ci gaba da samar da shi a zafin 250-300℃ a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na yanayi, tare da yawan amfanin DMA da ya wuce kashi 96%.

Hanyar tacewa: Sau da yawa yana ɗauke da ƙazanta kamar aniline da N-methyl aniline. Ana narkar da N,N-dimethylaniline a cikin kashi 40% na sulfuric acid sannan a tace shi da tururin ruwa. Ana ƙara sodium hydroxide don ya zama alkaline. Ana ci gaba da tacewa da tururin ruwa. Ana raba distillate ɗin zuwa yadudduka masu ruwa sannan a busar da shi da potassium hydroxide. Ana yin distillation na matsa lamba na yau da kullun a gaban acetic anhydride. Ana wanke distillate ɗin da ruwa don cire alamun acetic anhydride, a busar da shi da potassium hydroxide, sannan a bi shi da barium oxide, sannan a tace a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai raguwa a gaban rafin nitrogen. Sauran hanyoyin tace distillate ɗin sun haɗa da ƙara 10% acetic anhydride da refluxing na tsawon awanni don cire amines na farko da na biyu. Bayan sanyaya, ana ƙara yawan hydrochloric acid 20% kuma a cire shi da ether. Layer ɗin hydrochloric acid yana da alkaline tare da alkali sannan a cire shi da ether, kuma Layer ɗin ether ɗin an busar da shi da potassium hydroxide kuma an distilled ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai raguwa a ƙarƙashin rafin nitrogen. Ana iya canza N,N-dimethylaniline zuwa gishirin picric acid, a sake mayar da shi wurin narkewa akai-akai sannan a narke shi da ruwan dumi na sodium hydroxide mai kashi 10%. Sannan a cire shi da ether, a wanke shi kuma a busar da shi, sannan a tace shi a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai raguwa.

5. Aniline, methanol da sulfuric acid da aka gauraya daidai gwargwado, amsawar danshi a cikin autoclave, samfuran amsawa ta hanyar dawo da rage matsin lamba na methanol, ƙara maganin alkali, rabuwa sannan distillation ta hanyar rage matsin lamba don samun samfurin.

6. Ana iya samar da N,N-dimethylaniline ta hanyar amsawar methylation na aniline da trimethyl phosphate, sannan a cire shi ta ether, a busar da shi sannan a tace shi.

7. Ana iya haɗa N,N-dimethylaniline a kan gadon mai hana Ziegler a cikin tsarin jan ƙarfe-manganese ko tsarin jan ƙarfe-zinc-chromium a 280℃ tare da cakuda aniline da methanol a rabo na 1:3.5. An tattara N,N-dimethylaniline da aka samu a 193-195℃ akan na'urar tace shafi 54 kuma aka saka shi cikin kwalaben gilashi masu launin ruwan kasa. Don shirya N,N-dimethylaniline tsantsa, ana iya allurar N,N-dimethylaniline da iskar nitrogen a matsayin iskar gas mai ɗaukar iska a cikin chromatograph ɗin gas na shiri wanda ke da ginshiƙin phosphate na ƙarfe.