Bayan kusan shekaru ɗari na ci gaba, masana'antar sinadarai ta China ta zama ƙasa mafi saurin bunƙasa a duniya, zagayowar masana'antu fiye da Turai, Amurka da Japan da Koriya ta Kudu an gajarta sosai, wanda a Turai da Amurka da sauran ƙasashe ke buƙatar shekaru da yawa don isa matakin girma, masana'antar sinadarai ta China 'yan shekaru kaɗan ne kawai ta ƙare. Bambancin shine bayan babban matakin masana'antar sinadarai a Turai da Amurka, adadin samfuran sinadarai masu kyau waɗanda fasahar zamani ke tallafawa ya ƙaru sosai, yayin da a China, saboda ƙarancin ci gaban fasaha, yawan samar da sinadarai masu kyau a kasuwa ya ƙaru a hankali.

Tana da yakinin cewa nan da shekaru 5-10 masu zuwa, babban tsarin masana'antar sinadarai na kasar Sin zai ƙare, kuma tsarin ci gaba mai kyau zai hanzarta. A halin yanzu, akwai cibiyoyin bincike da yawa na cikin gida, musamman waɗanda ke da alaƙa da manyan kamfanoni, suna ƙara saka hannun jari a cikin bincike da haɓaka sinadarai masu kyau.

Don alkiblar ci gaban sinadarai masu kyau na kasar Sin, Pingtou Brother ya takaita wadannan batutuwa, na farko, amfani da hydrocarbons masu ƙarancin carbon a matsayin kayan aiki don binciken zurfin sarrafa bayanai, wanda aka mayar da hankali kan magungunan kashe kwari, magungunan kashe kwari da sauran fannoni. Na biyu, don zurfafa sarrafawa da amfani da polycarbonate hydrocarbons, da kuma a cikin kayan sinadarai masu inganci, kayan taimako da sauran fannoni; Na uku, don rabawa da tsarkake kayan albarkatun hydrocarbon masu yawan carbon da kuma zurfafa sarrafawa da amfani da su, a cikin filayen surfactants da plasticizers.

Daga mahangar farashi, faɗaɗa masana'antar sinadarai masu kyau na kayan da ba su da ƙarancin carbon shine hanya mafi arha ta samarwa da bincike a halin yanzu. A halin yanzu, wasu cibiyoyin bincike na kimiyya a China suna faɗaɗa binciken ƙarancin carbon hydrocarbons a cikin sinadarai masu kyau. Wakiltar samfuran sune faɗaɗa sinadarai masu kyau na sarkar masana'antar isobutylene da faɗaɗa sinadarai masu kyau na sarkar masana'antar aniline.

A cewar binciken farko, an fadada sarkar masana'antu ta sinadarai masu inganci sama da 50 a cikin ƙasan isobutylene mai tsafta, kuma sarkar masana'antu ta samfuran da ke ƙasa tana da ƙimar tsaftacewa mafi girma. Akwai nau'ikan sinadarai masu kyau sama da 60 a ƙasan faɗaɗa sarkar masana'antar aniline, da kuma hanyoyi da yawa na amfani da su a ƙasa.

A halin yanzu, aniline galibi ana samar da shi ne ta hanyar sinadarin hydrogenation na nitrobenzene, wanda shine samar da sinadarin hydrogenation na nitric acid, hydrogen da kuma sinadarin benzene mai tsarki a matsayin kayan masarufi. Ana amfani da shi a ƙasa a cikin MDI, kayan taimakon roba, rini da kuma magungunan gargajiya, ƙarin man fetur da sauran fannoni. Ba za a iya haɗa sinadarin benzene mai tsarki a cikin tacewa da samar da sinadarai da kayayyakin mai ba, wanda ke haɓaka faɗaɗawa da amfani da sarkar masana'antu ta ƙasa ta benzene mai tsarki, kuma ya zama abin da masana'antar bincike da haɓaka sinadarai ke mayar da hankali a kai.

Dangane da masana'antu daban-daban da ake amfani da su a cikin samfuran da ke ƙasa na aniline, ana iya raba shi zuwa masana'antu masu zuwa: Na farko, ana iya raba aikace-aikacen a fagen masu haɓaka roba da antioxidants zuwa samfura biyar, waɗanda sune p-amino-diphenylamine, hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine da dicyclohexylamine. Yawancin waɗannan samfuran aniline ana amfani da su a fannin antioxidants na roba, kamar p-amino-diphenylamine na iya samar da antioxidants 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D da sauransu.

A fannin hanzarta amfani da roba da kuma amfani da sinadarin antioxidant, aniline a ɓangaren roba muhimmin alkibla ne na amfani, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 11% na jimillar amfani da aniline a ɓangaren ƙasa, manyan samfuran da ke wakiltar su sune p-amino-diphenylamine da hydroquinone.

Daga cikin mahaɗan diazo, waɗanda ke amfani da aniline da nitrate da sauran kayayyaki, samfuran da za a iya samarwa sune p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene da sauransu. Ana amfani da waɗannan samfuran sosai a fannin rini, magunguna da magungunan kashe kwari. Wakiltar samfuran sune: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, wanda shine rini na roba na azo, rini na bututu, rini mai yaɗuwa, kuma ana amfani da shi wajen ƙera fenti da launuka da kuma a matsayin alama. Ana amfani da P-hydroxyaniline wajen samar da FBG mai launin sulfur, mai launin rawaya mai haske 5G da sauran rini, ƙera paracetamol, antamine da sauran magunguna, amma kuma ana amfani da shi wajen samar da masu haɓaka, antioxidants da sauransu.

A cewar binciken, a halin yanzu, mahaɗan aniline da ake amfani da su a masana'antar rini ta China galibi sune p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride da p-hydroxyaniline, waɗanda ke da kusan kashi 1% na yawan shan aniline, wanda muhimmin alkibla ne na amfani da mahaɗan nitrogen a ƙasan aniline, kuma muhimmin alkibla ne na binciken fasahar masana'antu na yanzu.

Wani muhimmin amfani da aniline ke yi a ƙasa shine halogenation na aniline, kamar samar da p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloroaniline, n-acetoacetanilide, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, bisphenylurea, phenylthiourea da sauran kayayyaki. Saboda yawan kayayyakin aniline halogenation, an riga an kiyasta cewa akwai kusan nau'ikan 20, wanda kuma ya zama muhimmin alkibla don faɗaɗa sarkar masana'antar sinadarai ta ƙasa na aniline.

Ana amfani da samfuran da ke amfani da aniline halogenation, kamar o-chloraniline, don samar da sulfur blue FBG, dyes mai haske mai launin rawaya 5G, ƙera paracetamol, antamine da sauran magunguna, amma kuma don samar da masu haɓaka, antioxidants da sauransu. Ana amfani da Diphenyl thiourea wajen samar da accelerators na vulcanization, capsules na vulcanization, tayoyin ruwa, waya da kebul, da kuma magunguna da dyes intermediates. Ana amfani da N-acetoacetanilide wajen samar da sulfonamides, analgesics, antipyretic ice da preservatives, da kuma roba vulcanization accelerators.

A cewar kimantawar da ba a kammala ba, adadin kayayyakin aniline masu inganci da aka yi da halogenated downstream aniline sun kai kusan kashi 40% na adadin sinadaran aniline da aka yi da halogenated, amma galibi ana amfani da kayayyakin a fannoni masu inganci, kuma girman ba shi da yawa. Tare da ci gaban da aka samu a fannin magunguna, binciken fasaha na aniline halogenation shi ma ya zama muhimmin alkiblar ci gaba a binciken fasaha da ci gaban kasar Sin.

Wani muhimmin martanin aniline shine rage tasirin, kamar aniline da hydrogen don samar da cyclohexane, aniline da sinadarin sulfuric acid mai ƙarfi da kuma ash na soda don samar da dicyclohexane, aniline da sulfuric acid da sulfur trioxide don samar da p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. Wannan nau'in martanin yana buƙatar adadi mai yawa na kayan taimako, kuma adadin samfuran da ke ƙasa ba su da yawa, kuma ana kiyasta cewa akwai kimanin samfura biyar. 

Daga cikinsu, kamar su p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, ƙera rini na azo, da sauransu, waɗanda ake amfani da su azaman reagent na tunani, reagent na gwaji da reagent na chromatographic analysis, kuma ana iya amfani da su azaman maganin kashe kwari don hana cutar tsatsar alkama. Dicyclohexylamine, shine shirya tsaka-tsakin rini, da kuma tsatsar alkama mai yadi, da kuma shirya kayan ƙanshi.

Yanayin rage tasirin aniline yana da tsauri, kuma a halin yanzu, China galibi tana cikin matakin samar da kayan gwaji da ƙananan kayayyaki, kuma yawan amfani da shi ba shi da yawa, wanda ba shine babban alkiblar faɗaɗa sarkar masana'antar sinadarai masu kyau ta aniline ba.

Amfani da aniline a matsayin kayan albarkatun ƙasa na faɗaɗa sarkar masana'antar sinadarai masu kyau, akwai amsawar arylation, amsawar alkylation, amsawar oxidation da nitrification, amsawar cyclization, amsawar condensation aldehyde da kuma haɗakar haɗakar haɗaka. Aniline na iya shiga cikin halayen sinadarai da yawa, kuma akwai aikace-aikace da yawa a ƙasa. Za mu ci gaba da gudanar da wani bincike game da shi, da fatan za a yi haƙuri.