Bayan kusan shekaru dari na ci gaba, masana'antar sinadarai ta kasar Sin ta zama kasa mafi saurin bunkasuwa a duniya, tsarin masana'antu fiye da kasashen Turai, Amurka da Japan da Koriya ta Kudu, an rage ma'aunin masana'antun sinadarai sosai, wanda a kasashen Turai da Amurka da sauran kasashe. na bukatar shekaru da dama don isa matakin ma'auni, masana'antar sinadarai ta kasar Sin 'yan shekaru kadan ne suka kawo karshe. Bambancin shi ne, bayan babban mataki na masana'antar sinadarai a Turai da Amurka, yawan samfuran sinadarai masu kyau da manyan fasahohin zamani ke tallafawa ya karu sosai, yayin da a kasar Sin, saboda karancin ci gaban fasaha, kasuwa yawan wadataccen sinadarai masu kyau ya karu a hankali.

An yi imanin cewa, nan da shekaru 5-10 masu zuwa, za a kawo karshen babban aikin masana'antar sinadarai ta kasar Sin, kuma za a kara saurin bunkasuwar tattalin arziki. A halin yanzu, akwai cibiyoyin bincike na cikin gida da yawa, musamman waɗanda ke da alaƙa da manyan kamfanoni, suna haɓaka saka hannun jari a cikin bincike da haɓaka sinadarai masu kyau.

Don ci gaba da bunkasuwar manyan sinadarai na kasar Sin, Pingtou Brother ya takaita wadannan abubuwa, da farko, yin amfani da karancin carbon hydrocarbons a matsayin albarkatun kasa don gudanar da bincike mai zurfi kan aikin sarrafa magunguna, daga baya ya mai da hankali kan magunguna, tsaka-tsakin maganin kwari da sauran fannoni. Na biyu, don zurfin sarrafawa da amfani da polycarbon hydrocarbons, ƙasa a cikin manyan kayan sinadarai masu kyau, ƙarin taimako da sauran fannoni; Na uku, don rarrabewa da tsarkakewa na albarkatun albarkatun carbon hydrocarbon da zurfin sarrafawa da amfani, ƙasa a cikin filayen surfactants da filastik.

Ta fuskar farashi, fadada masana'antar sinadarai masu kyau na ƙananan kayan albarkatun carbon shine hanya mafi ƙarancin farashi na samarwa da bincike a halin yanzu. A halin yanzu, cibiyoyin bincike na kimiyya da yawa a kasar Sin suna ci gaba da fadada binciken karancin carbon hydrocarbons a cikin sinadarai masu kyau. Samfuran masu wakilci sune haɓakar sinadarai masu kyau na sarkar masana'antar isobutylene da ingantaccen sinadarai na sarkar masana'antar aniline.

Bisa ga binciken farko, an ƙaddamar da sarkar masana'antu fiye da 50 na sinadarai masu kyau a cikin ƙananan isobutylene mai tsabta mai tsabta, kuma masana'antun masana'antu na samfurori na samfurori suna da ƙimar haɓaka mafi girma. Akwai nau'ikan sinadarai masu kyau sama da 60 a ƙasan haɓaka sarkar masana'antar aniline, da kuma kwatance aikace-aikacen da yawa.

A halin yanzu, aniline ana samar da shi ne ta hanyar catalytic hydrogenation na nitrobenzene, wanda shine samar da hydrogenation na nitric acid, hydrogen da benzene mai tsabta a matsayin albarkatun kasa. Ana amfani da shi a ƙasa a cikin MDI, kayan taimako na roba, rini da magunguna masu tsaka-tsaki, abubuwan ƙara mai da sauran filayen. Tsabtataccen benzene a cikin masana'antar tacewa da masana'antar samar da sinadarai ba za a iya haɗa su da samfuran mai ba, wanda ke haɓaka haɓakawa da amfani da sarkar masana'antar benzene mai ɗorewa, kuma ya zama abin da masana'antar bincike da ci gaba ta mayar da hankali kan masana'antar.

Dangane da masana'antu daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su a cikin samfuran ƙasa na aniline, ana iya raba shi kusan zuwa masana'antu masu zuwa: Na farko, aikace-aikacen a fagen haɓakar roba da antioxidants za a iya karkasu kusan samfuran guda biyar, waɗanda sune p-amino-diphenylamine. , hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine da dicyclohexylamine. Yawancin waɗannan samfuran aniline ana amfani da su a fagen maganin antioxidants na roba, irin su p-amino-diphenylamine na iya samar da antioxidants 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D da sauransu.

A fagen haɓakar haɓakar roba da amfani da antioxidant, aniline ƙasa a cikin filin roba shine muhimmin jagorar amfani, yana lissafin kusan 11% na jimlar yawan amfanin ƙasa na aniline, manyan samfuran wakilai sune p-amino-diphenylamine da hydroquinone.

Daga cikin mahadi na diazo, ta yin amfani da aniline da nitrate da sauran samfurori, samfurori da za a iya samarwa sune p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene da sauransu. Ana amfani da waɗannan samfuran sosai a fagen rini, magunguna da tsaka-tsakin magungunan kashe qwari. Samfuran wakilci sune: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, wanda shine rini na azo na roba, rini na tiyo, rini mai tarwatsewa, kuma ana amfani dashi wajen kera fenti da pigments da kuma a matsayin alama. Ana amfani da P-hydroxyaniline a cikin samar da sulfur blue FBG, raunin acid mai haske rawaya 5G da sauran dyes, samar da paracetamol, antamine da sauran magunguna, amma kuma ana amfani dashi wajen samar da masu tasowa, antioxidants da sauransu.

Bisa ga binciken , a halin yanzu, aniline mahadi amfani a kasar Sin ta rini masana'antu ne mafi yawa p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride da p-hydroxyaniline, lissafin kudi game da 1% na kasa amfani da aniline, wanda shi ne wani muhimmin aikace-aikace shugabanci na nitrogen mahadi a gangaren aniline, kuma shine muhimmin alkiblar binciken fasahar masana'antu na yanzu.

Wani muhimmin aikace-aikacen ƙasa na aniline shine halogenation na aniline, kamar samar da p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloroaniline, n-acetoacetanilide, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, bisphenylurea, phenylthiourea da sauran kayayyakin. Saboda yawan adadin samfuran halogenation aniline, an riga an ƙiyasta cewa akwai kusan nau'ikan 20, wanda kuma ya zama muhimmin alkibla don faɗaɗa sarkar masana'antar sinadarai masu kyau na aniline.

Abubuwan da ke ƙasa ta amfani da aniline halogenation, irin su o-chloraniline, ana amfani da su don samar da sulfur blue FBG, raunin acid mai haske rawaya 5G dyes, kera paracetamol, antamine da sauran magunguna, amma kuma don samar da masu haɓakawa, antioxidants da haka kuma. Ana amfani da Diphenyl thiourea wajen samar da vulcanization accelerators, vulcanization capsules, tayoyin ruwa, waya da na USB, kazalika da magani da rini tsaka-tsaki. Ana amfani da N-acetoacetanilide a cikin samar da sulfonamides, analgesics, antipyretic ice da abubuwan kiyayewa, da kuma ƙarar vulcanization na roba.

Bisa ga kima da bai cika ba , adadin aniline halogenated downstream aniline fine chemical products accounts for about 40% of the downstream aniline chemicals, amma kayayyakin da ake amfani da mafi yawa a high-karshen filayen, da kuma overall sikelin ba babba. Tare da ci gaba mai zurfi na fannin harhada magunguna, binciken fasaha na Aniline halogenation shi ma ya zama muhimmin alkiblar ci gaban bincike da bunkasuwar fasahohin kasar Sin.

Wani muhimmin mahimmanci na aniline shine raguwar raguwa, irin su aniline da hydrogen don samar da cyclohexane, aniline da sulfuric acid da kuma soda ash don samar da dicyclohexane, aniline da sulfuric acid da sulfur trioxide don samar da p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. Irin wannan dauki yana buƙatar adadin kayan taimako masu yawa, kuma adadin samfuran da ke ƙasa ba su da yawa, kuma an kiyasta cewa akwai samfuran kusan guda biyar. 

Daga cikin su, kamar p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, masana'anta azo dyes, da dai sauransu, amfani da matsayin tunani reagent, gwaji reagent da chromatographic bincike reagent, da kuma za a iya amfani da a matsayin magungunan kashe qwari don hana alkama tsatsa cuta. Dicyclohexylamine, shine shirye-shiryen tsaka-tsakin rini, kazalika da tsatsawar alkama na pesticide, da shirye-shiryen kayan yaji.

Rage yanayin halayen aniline yana da tsauri, kuma a halin yanzu, kasar Sin ta fi mayar da hankali a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da kananan matakan samar da kayayyaki, kuma yawan amfanin da ake amfani da shi ya yi kadan sosai, wanda ba shi ne babban alkiblar fadada sinadarai masu kyau na kasa ba. sarkar masana'antu na aniline.

Yin amfani da aniline a matsayin albarkatun kasa na sarkar sarkar sinadarai masu kyau, akwai amsawar arylation, amsawar alkylation, oxidation da amsawar nitrification, amsawar cyclization, halayen haɓakar aldehyde da hadaddun halayen haɗuwa. Aniline na iya shiga cikin halayen sunadarai da yawa, kuma akwai aikace-aikacen ƙasa da yawa. za mu ci gaba da gudanar da wani bincike game da shi, da fatan za a sa ido.