Rini masu amsawa suna da launuka masu haske da cikakkun chromatograms. An san shi don aikace-aikacensa mai sauƙi, ƙananan farashi, da kyakkyawan sauri. Musamman tare da haɓakar fibers cellulose a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rini masu amsawa sun zama mafi mahimmancin nau'in rini don rini na fiber cellulose.

Amma babbar matsalar rini mai amsawa ita ce ƙarancin gajiyawa da ƙimar gyarawa. A cikin tsarin rini na al'ada na fiber cellulose, don inganta yawan rini da kuma daidaita yawan rini mai amsawa, dole ne a ƙara yawan adadin gishiri maras kyau (sodium chloride ko sodium sulfate). Dangane da tsarin rini da launi, adadin gishirin da ake amfani da shi gabaɗaya shine 30 zuwa 150 g/l. Ko da yake an sami babban ci gaba wajen kula da abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin bugu da rini da ruwa, ƙarin adadin gishiri mai yawa a cikin tsarin rini ba za a iya bi da su ta hanyoyi masu sauƙi na jiki da na halitta ba.

Bincike kan fasahar rini mai amsawa da rini marar gishiri

Ta fuskar yanayin muhalli, fitar da bugu mai yawan gishiri da rini da ruwa kai tsaye yana canza ingancin ruwan koguna da tafkuna da lalata muhallin halittu.
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Yawan wuce gona da iri na gishiri zai haifar da salinization na ƙasa a kusa da koguna da tafkuna, rage yawan amfanin gona. A taƙaice, yin amfani da gishiri mai yawa na inorganic ba za a iya ƙasƙanta ko sake yin fa'ida ba, kuma a lokaci guda yana da mummunan tasiri akan ingancin ruwa da ƙasa. Bisa ga wannan, wannan labarin yana nazarin ci gaban bincike na baya-bayan nan na fasahar rini ba tare da gishiri ba, kuma yana tattaunawa akai-akai game da canje-canjen tsarin rini mai ƙarancin gishiri, fasahar daskarewa, da fasahar haɗin kai.

Rini mai amsawa don rini marar gishiri

Fitattun fasalulluka na rini masu amsawa sune ƙananan tsarin kwayoyin halitta, mai kyau hydrophilicity, da sauƙin wanke launi mai iyo bayan gyarawa. Wannan sabon abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙirar ƙwayoyin rini. Amma wannan kuma yana haifar da ƙarancin gajiyar rini da ƙarancin gyarawa, kuma ana buƙatar ƙara yawan gishiri yayin rini. Yana haifar da asarar ruwa mai yawa na gishiri da rini, don haka ƙara farashin maganin ruwa. Gurbacewar muhalli yana da tsanani. Wasu kamfanonin rini sun fara mai da hankali kan tantancewa da inganta abubuwan da ake yin rini da ƙungiyoyi masu amsawa, da haɓaka rini mai ƙarfi don rini mai ƙarancin gishiri. CibacronLs wanda Ciba ya ƙaddamar shine nau'in rini mai ƙarancin gishiri wanda ke amfani da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban don haɗawa. Siffar wannan rini ita ce, adadin gishirin da ake amfani da shi wajen rini shine 1/4 zuwa 1/2 na rini na gaba ɗaya. Ba shi da kula da canje-canje a cikin rabon wanka kuma yana da kyakkyawan haifuwa. Irin wannan rini galibi ana tsoma rini ne kuma ana iya amfani da su tare da tarwatsa rini don saurin rini na wanka ɗaya na polyester/auduga.

Kamfanin Sumitomo na Japan ya ba da shawarar saitin hanyoyin rini da suka dace da jerin rini na Sumifux Supra. Ana kiransa hanyar tabon LETfS. Adadin gishirin inorganic da aka yi amfani da shi a wannan hanyar shine kawai 1/2 zuwa 1/3 na tsarin gargajiya, kuma rabon wanka zai iya kaiwa 1:10. Kuma kaddamar da jerin reactive dyes masu jituwa tare da tsari. Wannan jerin rinayen rini ne na heterobi-reactive wanda ya ƙunshi monochloros-triazine da B-ethylsulfone sulfate. Adadin ragowar rini a cikin ruwan sharar rini na wannan jerin rini shine kawai 25% -30% na abun ciki na rini a cikin ruwan sharar ruwan rini na gaba ɗaya. An ba da shawarar don rini na zaruruwan Tencel. Yana nuna kyakkyawan aikin aikace-aikacen dangane da ƙimar gyarawa, sauƙin wankewa, da kuma ɗaurin samfuran rina daban-daban.

Kamfanin DyStar ya ƙaddamar da rini na RemazolEF wanda ya dace da rini ba tare da gishiri ba, ƙungiyar masu aiki galibi B-hydroxyethyl sulfone sulfate ne, kuma sun ƙaddamar da tsarin rini na gishiri mara muhalli. Adadin gishirin inorganic da aka yi amfani da shi shine 1/3 na tsarin al'ada. An gajarta aikin rini. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i na chromatograms. Ana iya haɗa nau'ikan launuka na farko guda uku don samun launuka masu haske. Kamfanin Clariant (Clariant) ya ƙaddamar da jerin DrimareneHF na dyes masu amsawa, galibi a cikin nau'ikan 4: DrimareneBlueHF-RL, 戡ownHF-2RL, NavyHF-G, RedHF-G, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don rini mai gajiya da ci gaba da rini na fibers cellulose, aikin aikace-aikace Kuma mai kyau sauri. Adadin gyarawa yana da yawa, ƙarancin gishiri da ƙarancin giya. Tsayar da tsaka tsaki, kyakkyawan wankewa.

Wasu sabbin rini masu amsawa na iya ƙara kai tsaye ga rini ta hanyar ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin rini da rage adadin gishirin inorganic. Misali, gabatarwar kungiyoyin urea na iya kara kai tsaye na kungiyoyi masu aiki da rage adadin gishirin inorganic. Inganta ƙimar daidaitawa; akwai kuma abubuwan da ake amfani da su na rini na polyazo (irin su trisazo, tetraazo) don ƙara kai tsaye na rini, da cimma manufar rini ba tare da gishiri ba. Babban tasiri mai tsauri na wasu rini a cikin tsarin na iya canza tasirin ƙungiyoyin rini mai amsawa da kuma adadin gishirin da ake amfani da su wajen rini. Waɗannan illolin hanawa gabaɗaya sune gabatarwar abubuwan maye gurbin alkyl a wurare daban-daban akan matrix ɗin rini. Malamai sun taqaita su na asali na tsarin su kamar haka:

Ƙungiya mai aiki ɗaya SO: CH2CH: oS03Na na iya kasancewa a cikin meta ko matsayi na zoben benzene;

R3 na iya kasancewa a cikin ortho, inter, ko para matsayi na zoben benzene. Tsarin tsari shine vinyl sulfone reactive dyes.

Maɓallai daban-daban ko matsayi daban-daban a kan rini na iya cimma ƙimar rini ɗaya a ƙarƙashin yanayin rini ɗaya, amma yawan gishirin rininsu ya bambanta sosai.

Kyakkyawan rini mai ƙarancin gishiri mai ƙarancin gishiri dole ne ya kasance yana da halaye masu zuwa: 1) Yawan gishirin da ake amfani da shi wajen rini yana raguwa sosai; 2) Rini a cikin ƙaramin wanka rabo mai ruwan wanka, kwanciyar hankali na wanka; 3) Kyakkyawan wankewa. Rage lokacin aiwatarwa; 4) Kyakkyawan reproducibility. Dangane da inganta rini, baya ga ingantar da aka ambata a sama na tsarin matrix ɗin rini da madaidaicin haɗakar ƙungiyoyi masu aiki, wasu mutane sun haɗa abin da ake kira rini na cationic, wanda za a iya rina ba tare da ƙara gishiri ba. Misali dyes mai amsawa na Cationic na tsari mai zuwa:

Ana iya gani daga tsarin da ke sama cewa jikin launi yana haɗa da ƙungiyar aiki na monochloro-triazine. Hakanan ana haɗe rukunin ammonium na pyridine zuwa zoben s-triazine. Rini yana da inganci kuma ƙungiyar ammonium na quaternary ƙungiya ce mai narkewa ta ruwa. Tun da ba kawai babu caji tsakanin ƙwayoyin rini da fiber ba, har ma da jawo hankalin caji mai kyau da mara kyau, rini yana da sauƙi don kusanci fuskar fiber kuma ya shiga cikin zaren rini. Kasancewar electrolytes a cikin maganin rini ba kawai zai haifar da tasiri mai tasiri ba, amma kuma yana raunana sha'awar rini da fiber, don haka ana iya rina irin wannan rini ba tare da ƙara electrolytes don rini ba tare da gishiri ba. Tsarin rini yayi kama da rini mai amsawa na yau da kullun. Ga monochloros-triazine reactive dyes, sodium carbonate har yanzu ana ƙara a matsayin mai gyarawa. Matsakaicin zafin jiki yana kusa da 85 ℃. Adadin rini na iya kaiwa 90% zuwa 94%, kuma ƙimar gyarawa shine 80% zuwa 90%. Yana da saurin haske mai kyau da saurin wankewa. Irin wannan rini mai amsawa na cationic kuma an bayar da rahoton yin amfani da monofluoro-s-triazine azaman ƙungiyar aiki. Ayyukan monofluoro-s-triazine ya fi na monochloro-s-triazine girma.

Hakanan za'a iya rina waɗannan rina a cikin auduga / acrylic blends, da sauran kayan rini (kamar daidaitawa da daidaitawa, da sauransu) suna buƙatar ƙarin nazari. Amma yana ba da sabuwar hanyar fiber cellulose don aiwatar da rini marar gishiri.