Rini masu amsawa suna da launuka masu haske da cikakkun chromatograms. An san shi da sauƙin amfani da shi, ƙarancin farashi, da kuma kyakkyawan saurinsa. Musamman tare da haɓakar zaruruwan cellulose a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rini masu amsawa sun zama mafi mahimmancin nau'in rini don rini na zaren cellulose.

Amma babbar matsalar rini mai amsawa ita ce ƙarancin ƙarfin shaye-shaye da kuma saurin daidaitawa. A tsarin rini na gargajiya na zare na cellulose, domin inganta yawan rini da kuma yawan daidaitawar rini mai amsawa, dole ne a ƙara yawan gishirin da ba shi da sinadarai (sodium chloride ko sodium sulfate). Dangane da tsarin rini da launinsa, yawan gishirin da ake amfani da shi gabaɗaya yana tsakanin 30 zuwa 150 g/L. Duk da cewa an sami babban ci gaba a fannin maganin sinadarai masu sinadarai a cikin bugu da rini da ruwan sharar gida, ba za a iya magance ƙarin gishiri masu yawa a cikin rini ta hanyar hanyoyin jiki da na sinadarai masu sauƙi ba.

Bincike kan fasahar rini mai amsawa da rini mara gishiri

Daga mahangar muhalli, fitar da bugu mai yawan gishiri da rini na ruwan shara yana canza ingancin ruwan koguna da tafkuna kai tsaye kuma yana lalata muhallin muhalli.
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Yawan iskar gishiri zai haifar da gishirin ƙasa da ke kewaye da koguna da tafkuna, wanda hakan zai rage yawan amfanin gona. A takaice dai, ba za a iya lalata ko sake yin amfani da gishirin da ba na halitta ba, kuma a lokaci guda yana da mummunan tasiri ga ingancin ruwa da ƙasa. Dangane da wannan, wannan labarin yana sake duba ci gaban bincike na baya-bayan nan na fasahar rini mara gishiri, kuma yana tattauna canje-canjen tsarin rini masu ƙarancin gishiri, fasahar dasawa, da fasahar haɗa kai.

Rini masu amsawa don rini ba tare da gishiri ba

Manyan abubuwan da suka fi shahara a cikin rini masu amsawa sune ƙananan tsarin kwayoyin halitta, ingantaccen hydrophilicity, da sauƙin wanke launin da ke iyo bayan an gyara. Wannan wani muhimmin ci gaba ne a cikin ƙirar ƙwayoyin rini. Amma wannan kuma yana sa ƙarancin gajiya da saurin daidaitawar rini ya zama ƙasa, kuma ana buƙatar ƙara gishiri mai yawa yayin rini. Yana haifar da asarar yawan ruwan sharar gishiri da rini, don haka yana ƙara farashin maganin ruwan sharar gida. Gurɓatar muhalli tana da matuƙar tsanani. Wasu kamfanonin rini sun fara mai da hankali kan tantancewa da inganta abubuwan da suka riga suka fara rini da ƙungiyoyi masu amsawa, da kuma ƙirƙirar rini masu amsawa don rini mai ƙarancin gishiri. CibacronLs da Ciba ta ƙaddamar wani nau'in rini ne mai ƙarancin gishiri wanda ke amfani da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban masu aiki don haɗawa. Halayyar wannan rini ita ce adadin gishirin da ake amfani da shi a rini shine 1/4 zuwa 1/2 na rini masu amsawa gabaɗaya. Ba ya jin nauyin canje-canje a cikin rabon wanka kuma yana da kyakkyawan sake haifuwa. Irin wannan nau'in rini galibi ana yin rini ne a cikin ruwan da aka tsoma kuma ana iya amfani da shi tare da rini mai warwatse don rini mai sauri na cakuda polyester/auduga a cikin wanka ɗaya.

Kamfanin Sumitomo na Japan ya gabatar da wani tsari na hanyoyin rini da ya dace da rini na jerin Sumifux Supra. Ana kiransa hanyar rini ta LETfS. Adadin gishirin da ba na halitta ba da aka yi amfani da shi a wannan hanyar shine 1/2 zuwa 1/3 kawai na tsarin gargajiya, kuma rabon wanka zai iya kaiwa 1:10. Kuma ya ƙaddamar da jerin rini masu amsawa da suka dace da tsarin. Wannan jerin rini rini ne masu amsawa na heterobi waɗanda suka ƙunshi monochloros-triazine da B-ethylsulfone sulfate. Adadin rini da ya rage a cikin ruwan sharar rini na wannan jerin rini shine 25%-30% kawai na abun da ke cikin rini a cikin ruwan sharar rini mai amsawa. Ana ba da shawarar yin rini na zaruruwan Tencel. Yana nuna kyakkyawan aikin aikace-aikace dangane da saurin daidaitawa, sauƙin wankewa, da kuma saurin samfuran rini daban-daban.

Kamfanin DyStar ya ƙaddamar da rini na jerin RemazolEF waɗanda suka dace da rini mara gishiri, ƙungiyar mai aiki galibi B-hydroxyethyl sulfone sulfate ce, kuma ta ƙaddamar da tsarin rini mara gishiri mara muhalli. Adadin gishirin da ba na halitta ba da ake amfani da shi shine 1/3 na tsarin gargajiya. Tsarin rini yana gajarta. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin yana rufe nau'ikan chromatograms iri-iri. Ana iya haɗa launuka uku na farko don samun launuka masu haske. Kamfanin Clariant (Clariant) ya ƙaddamar da jerin rini masu amsawa na DrimareneHF, galibi a cikin nau'ikan 4: DrimareneBlueHF-RL, 戡ownHF-2RL, NavyHF-G, RedHF-G, wanda ake amfani da shi don rini mai gajiya da ci gaba da rini na zaruruwan cellulose, aikin aikace-aikace da kuma kyakkyawan juriya. Yawan rini yana da yawa, ƙarancin gishiri da ƙarancin rabon giya. Tsaftacewa tsaka tsaki, kyakkyawan wankewa.

Wasu sabbin rini masu amsawa na iya ƙara yawan rini ta hanyar ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin rini da rage adadin gishirin da ba su da sinadarai. Misali, gabatar da ƙungiyoyin urea na iya ƙara yawan ƙungiyoyin aiki da rage adadin gishirin da ba su da sinadarai. Inganta yawan rini; akwai kuma abubuwan da suka fara rini na polyazo (kamar trisazo, tetraazo) don ƙara yawan rini, da kuma cimma manufar rini mara gishiri. Babban tasirin hana sitiri na wasu rini a cikin tsarin kuma yana iya canza tasirin ƙungiyoyin masu amsawa na rini da adadin gishirin da ake amfani da su wajen rini. Waɗannan tasirin hana sitiri gabaɗaya su ne gabatar da maye gurbin alkyl a wurare daban-daban akan matrix ɗin rini. Masana sun taƙaita fasalin tsarin su kamar haka:

Rukunin aiki ɗaya SO: CH2CH: oS03Na na iya kasancewa a matsayin meta ko para na zoben benzene;

R3 na iya kasancewa a matsayin ortho, inter, ko para na zoben benzene. Tsarin tsarin shine rini na vinyl sulfone mai amsawa.

Maye gurbi daban-daban ko matsayi daban-daban na maye gurbin rini na iya cimma darajar rini iri ɗaya a ƙarƙashin yanayi ɗaya na rini, amma adadin gishirin rininsu ya bambanta sosai.

Rini mai kyau mai ƙarancin gishiri dole ne ya kasance yana da halaye masu zuwa: 1) Yawan gishirin da ake amfani da shi wajen rini ya ragu sosai; 2) Rini a cikin ruwan wanka mai ƙarancin rabon wanka, kwanciyar hankali na rini a cikin wanka; 3) Kyakkyawan wankewa. Rage lokacin sarrafawa; 4) Kyakkyawan sake haifuwa. Dangane da inganta rini, ban da ingantaccen tsarin rini da aka ambata a sama da haɗuwa mai kyau na ƙungiyoyi masu aiki, wasu mutane sun haɗa abin da ake kira rini mai amsawa na cationic, waɗanda za a iya rini ba tare da ƙara gishiri ba. Misali rini mai amsawa na Cationic na tsarin mai zuwa:

Za a iya gani daga dabarar da ke sama cewa jikin launi yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar monochloro-triazine mai aiki. An haɗa rukunin ammonium na pyridine quaternary zuwa zoben s-triazine. Rini yana da caji mai kyau kuma rukunin ammonium na quaternary rukuni ne mai narkewa cikin ruwa. Tunda ba wai kawai babu abin da ke hana caji tsakanin ƙwayoyin rini da zare ba, har ma da jan hankalin caji mai kyau da mara kyau, rini yana da sauƙin kusantar saman zare da kuma shanye zaren da aka rina. Kasancewar electrolytes a cikin maganin rini ba wai kawai ba zai haifar da tasirin rini ba, har ma zai raunana jan hankali tsakanin rini da zare, don haka ana iya rina wannan nau'in rini ba tare da ƙara electrolytes don rini mara gishiri ba. Tsarin rini yana kama da rini na yau da kullun. Ga rini mai amsawa na monochloros-triazine, har yanzu ana ƙara sodium carbonate azaman wakili mai gyarawa. Zafin gyara yana kusa da 85℃. Yawan ɗaukar rini na iya kaiwa 90% zuwa 94%, kuma ƙimar gyarawa shine 80% zuwa 90%. Yana da sauƙin sassautawa da kuma saurin wankewa. Irin waɗannan rini na cationic reactive suma sun ba da rahoton amfani da monofluoro-s-triazine a matsayin ƙungiyar aiki. Ayyukan monofluoro-s-triazine ya fi na monochloro-s-triazine girma.

Ana iya rina waɗannan rini a cikin haɗin auduga/acrylic, kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin nazarin wasu halaye na rini (kamar daidaita da dacewa, da sauransu). Amma yana samar da sabuwar hanya ga zaren cellulose don yin rini mara gishiri.