Rufin da ba ya hana ruwa wani nau'in abu ne na roba mai kama da polymer wanda ba shi da wani siffa a zafin ɗaki. Bayan an shafa, ana iya samar da rufin hydrophobic mai tauri a saman tushe ta hanyar ƙafewar ruwa, ƙafewar ruwa ko kuma warkar da martani. Rufin da ba ya hana ruwa don gini ya haɗa da rufin silicone mai hana ruwa, rufin roba mai hana ruwa, rufin kristal mai hana ruwa shiga cikin siminti, rufin gadar kare muhalli mai hana ruwa shiga. Ana iya gwada ƙa'idodin aiki kamar sassaucin zafin jiki da rashin shiga ruwa ta wasu hanyoyin gwaji.

1. Duba fenti mai hana ruwa shiga gini! fenti mai hana ruwa shiga nau'in 1 don gini.

Rufin da ke hana ruwa shiga na silicone wani resin silicone ne mai narkewa a ruwa a matsayin kayan tushe, yana amfani da emulsion mai fasaha mai zurfi da aka yi da rufin gini mai hana ruwa shiga. Rufin da ke hana ruwa shiga na silicone wani shafi ne mai hana ruwa shiga na ruwa wanda aka yi da robar silicone ko wani emulsion a matsayin kayan tushe, tare da ruwa, cike makamai da kayan taimako daban-daban. Rufin yana da halaye masu kyau na kayan hana ruwa shiga da kuma masu hana ruwa shiga, kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga ruwa, wucewar ruwa, samar da fim, sassauƙa, rufewa, tsawaitawa da kuma juriyar ƙarancin zafin jiki.

2. Rufin roba mai hana ruwa na silicone

Rufin roba mai hana ruwa wani nau'in rufi ne mai hana ruwa wanda aka yi da ruwa tare da emulsion na roba na silicone da sauran hadaddun emulsion a matsayin babban kayan aiki, yana ƙara cika mara tsari, wakili mai haɗa kai, mai kara kuzari, wakili mai ƙarfafawa, defoamer da sauran ƙarin sinadarai. Samfurin yana da kyakkyawan aiki na rufin ruwa mai rufi da kuma rufin ruwa mai cike da ruwa, tare da juriyar ruwa, wucewa, samuwar fim, sassauci, hatimi da juriyar ƙarancin zafin jiki. Daidaitawar nakasar tushe yana da ƙarfi, zurfi a cikin tushe, kuma haɗin tushe yana da ƙarfi. Niƙa injiniya, gogewa, fesawa yana da sauƙi, saurin ƙirƙirar fim yana da sauri. Ana iya amfani da shi don gina tushen danshi, ba shi da guba, mara daɗi, ba ya ƙonewa, amintacce kuma abin dogaro, tare da launuka iri-iri na fenti mai hana ruwa, mai sauƙin kulawa. Rufin roba mai hana ruwa na silicone wani nau'in rufi ne mai hana ruwa da ruwa tare da ruwa azaman matsakaiciyar watsawa. Bayan bushewa da tauri, ana ƙirƙirar mahaɗan polymer tare da tsarin hanyar sadarwa. Bayan an shafa saman kowane Layer na tushe da rufin ruwa, yawan ƙwayoyin cuta yana ƙaruwa kuma ruwan ya ɓace tare da shigar ruwa da ƙafewar ruwa. Yayin da ake ci gaba da busar da ruwan, ruwan da ya wuce kima yana ɓacewa kuma ƙwayoyin emulsion suna haɗuwa a hankali suna taruwa. A ƙarƙashin aikin haɗin gwiwa da mai kara kuzari, an gudanar da aikin haɗin gwiwa, kuma a ƙarshe an samar da fim ɗin roba mai kama da juna da kauri.

Tare da haɓaka rufin hana ruwa na halitta, rufin hana ruwa na makamai suma suna tasowa. A halin yanzu, rufin hana ruwa na inorganic ya zama wurin bincike. Yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ake mayar da hankali a kai na haɓaka kayan muhalli a ƙarni na 21.

Akwai nau'ikan rufin hana ruwa guda biyu don makamai: rufin hana ruwa mai rufi da kuma rufin hana ruwa mai shiga cikin kristal.

1. A cikin tsarin aikace-aikacen injiniya da haɓaka shi, da farko ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da rufin crystalline mai shiga ruwa wanda aka yi da siminti don hana ruwa shiga cikin ginin. Ya dace musamman ga wuraren tace najasa, wuraren adana ruwa da sauran ayyukan makamantan su.

Tun daga shekarun 1960, a matsayin hanyar hana ruwa shiga bayan gine-ginen siminti (hanyar hana ruwa shiga ta ciki), rufin hana ruwa shiga mai rufi da siminti ya faɗaɗa nau'ikansa a hankali kuma ya shiga sabon fanni na amfani a fannin injiniyan gini. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da rufin hana ruwa shiga mai rufi da siminti sosai a gine-ginen ƙarƙashin ƙasa na gine-ginen masana'antu da na farar hula, layin dogo na sufuri na jama'a, shimfidar gadoji, wuraren shan ruwa, wuraren tace najasa, tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa, tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki ta nukiliya, ayyukan kiyaye ruwa da sauran fannoni. Kyakkyawan shiga, mannewa mai ƙarfi, juriyar tsatsa ta ƙarfe, rashin lahani ga jikin ɗan adam, gini mai sauƙi.

2. Rufin kariya daga muhalli na gadar da ke amfani da ruwa don hana ruwa shiga wani sabon nau'in rufi ne na hana ruwa shiga, wanda ke da fa'idodin ingantaccen narkewar ruwa, ba ya da guba, ba ya gurbata muhalli, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa mai yawa, kyakkyawan sassauci, kewayon zafin jiki mai yawa da ƙasa, ƙarancin farashi, da sauransu. An yi wannan samfurin da kwalta mai inganci a matsayin kayan tushe, kayan polymer na roba a matsayin mai gyarawa da ruwa a matsayin matsakaici. Ana samar da shi ta hanyar catalyst, haɗin giciye, emulsification da sauran fasahohi, waɗanda ke canza tsarin samarwa na gargajiya.

3. Manyan fa'idodi: Ana iya daidaita rabon kayan rufi da polymer emulsion zuwa siminti don biyan buƙatun sassauci da ƙarfi na ayyuka daban-daban, kuma hanyar gini ta dace. Wannan nau'in rufin hana ruwa yana amfani da ruwa azaman mai wargaza muhalli da cutar da lafiyar ɗan adam na rufin hana ruwa mai tushen narkewa kamar kwalta da kwalta. Saboda haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ya bunƙasa cikin sauri a gida da waje kuma ya zama tauraro mai tasowa a cikin kayan hana ruwa.

4. Rufin bangon waje na silicone acrylic Rufin bangon waje na silicone shine taƙaitaccen murfin bangon waje na silicone acrylic. Sabon rufin bango ne mai inganci wanda ke da juriya ga yanayi mai ƙarfi (rayuwar sabis fiye da shekaru 10) da gurɓataccen iska mai ƙarfi. Ana amfani da shi sosai azaman rufin hana ruwa shiga. Fentin latex ba shi da guba, ba shi da gurɓatawa ga muhalli kuma ba shi da lahani ga jikin ɗan adam. Kayan gini waɗanda suka cika buƙatun muhalli na yanzu sune samfuran maye gurbin murfin. Hanyar gwaji ta polyurethane mai hana ruwa shiga 1.

1. Kera. Gwada kayan aikin gogewa: samfuran shafa; Akwatin busar da iska ta lantarki: daidaiton sarrafawa 2.

2. Matakin gwaji:

(1) Kafin gwajin, ya kamata a sanya bello, kayan aiki da fenti a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun na tsawon awanni 24.

(2) Auna adadin samfurin da ake buƙata don tabbatar da kauri na ƙarshe na shafi (1.50.2) mm.

(3) Hayar kayan gwaji guda ɗaya don haɗa fenti mai hana wuta daidai, auna fenti mai hana wuta mai yawa daidai bisa ga ƙa'idodin masana'anta, sannan a haɗa kayan gwajin daidai. Dangane da buƙata, adadin mai hana ruwa zai iya zama adadin da masana'anta suka ƙayyade, kuma lokacin da adadin mai hana ruwa ya kasance a cikin kewayon, ana iya amfani da ƙimar matsakaici.

(4) Bayan an haɗa kayan, a gauraya sosai na minti 5, a zuba a cikin akwatin hulɗa don guje wa haɗa kumfa. Tsarin mold ɗin ba zai lalace ba kuma saman yana da santsi. Domin sauƙaƙe asarar gashi, za a iya fara yin magani da maganin cire gashi kafin a shafa. Dangane da buƙatun masana'anta, ya kamata a fenti samfurin fiye da sau ɗaya (har sau 3), tare da kowane tazara ba zai wuce awanni 24 ba. Ya kamata a daidaita saman sau ɗaya a ƙarshe sannan a warke.

(5) Yanayin warkarwa na shirya rufi: rushewa akan lokaci kamar yadda ake buƙata, kuma bayan rushewa, ana juya murfin don warkarwa don guje wa tsarin rushewa. Rufin da ba ya lalatawa. Domin sauƙaƙe rushewa, ana iya yin shi a ƙananan yanayin zafi, amma zafin rushewa bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da zafin zafi mai laushi ba.

2. Gwajin hana fitar ruwa.

1. Kayan aikin gwaji: mitar hana ruwa shiga; Bututun yana da 0.2 mm. Matakan gwaji:

(1) Yanke samfura uku na kimanin (150150)mm, a ajiye su na tsawon awanni 2 a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun, a cika na'urar da ruwa a zafin jiki na (235), sannan a cire iskar da ke cikin na'urar gaba ɗaya.

(2) Sanya samfurin a kan farantin da za a iya zubarwa, ƙara ragar ƙarfe mai girman iri ɗaya ga samfurin, rufe farantin asali mai ramuka 7, sannan a hankali a matse har sai an manne samfurin a kan farantin. A busar da saman abin da ke cikin reagent ɗin da zane ko iska mai matsewa sannan a hankali a matse shi a kan matsi da aka ƙayyade.

(3) Bayan isa ga matsin lamba da aka ƙayyade, a riƙe matsin na tsawon minti (302). Ana lura da yadda ruwan samfurin ke shiga yayin gwajin (faɗuwar matsin lamba ko ruwa kwatsam a saman samfurin da ba ya fuskantar juna).

Hanyar gwajin shafi mai hana ruwa polymer:

I. Samfuri da shirye-shiryen samfurin. A auna adadin ruwa da sinadarai masu ƙarfi da suka dace na samfurin, a sanya su a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun bisa ga adadin da masana'anta suka ƙayyade, na tsawon minti 5, a juya su ta hanyar injiniya na tsawon minti 5, a bar su su tsaya na minti 1 zuwa 3 don rage kumfa, sannan a zuba su a cikin firam ɗin murfin da aka ƙayyade a cikin "Hanyar Gwajin Shafi Mai Rufi Mai Rufi Mai Rufi na Polyurethane" don shafawa. Domin sauƙaƙe sakin, ana iya shafa saman fim ɗin da maganin sakin. Ana shafa samfurin sau biyu ko uku yayin shiri, kuma ya kamata a yi murfin na ƙarshe bayan an busar da tsohon murfin, kuma lokacin tazara na wucewa biyu shine (12 ~ 24) awanni, don kauri samfurin ya kai (1.5 ± 0.50) mm. Ana goge saman samfurin da aka rufe na ƙarshe, a bar shi na tsawon awanni 96 a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun, sannan a cire shi. An yi wa samfurin da aka lalata a cikin tanda mai bushewa a (40± 2) ℃ gefe sama da awanni 48, sannan a sanya shi a cikin na'urar busarwa don ya huce zuwa zafin ɗaki.

gwajin ruwa mai hana shiga ruwa guda biyu

An yanke samfurin da aka shirya zuwa guda 3 (150 × 150mm) bayan an gama shafawa, sannan aka gwada shi bisa ga kayan aikin gwaji da hanyoyin gwajin da aka tsara don hana shigar ruwa cikin ƙasa. Matsin gwajin ya kasance 0.3MPa kuma an ci gaba da matsin na tsawon minti 30.

Ma'aunin gwaji don rufin hana ruwa ginawa

1. Ƙarfafawa Faɗaɗawa shine don sanya kowane nau'in murfin hana ruwa ya sami wani iko na daidaitawa da nakasar layin tushe, don tabbatar da tasirin hana ruwa.

2. Sauƙin Zafi Mai Ƙanƙanta. Yawan zafin jiki zai sa fenti ya gudana, ƙarancin zafin jiki zai sa fenti ya fashe, don haka ƙarancin zafin jiki shima alama ce ta asali ta fenti.

3. Rashin Ruwan Sama Ga manyan nau'ikan rufin ruwa guda goma, rashin ruwan sama shine mafi mahimmancin aiki. Idan ba za a iya cika buƙatun inganci ba, za a sami zubewar kai tsaye na layin ruwa bayan an kammala shi.

4. Abubuwan da ke da ƙarfi Abubuwan da ke da ƙarfi suna nufin ingancin yanayin da ke da ƙarfi a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin slurry, wanda shine babban abin da ke samar da fim na nau'ikan rufin ruwa daban-daban. Idan dattin da ke cikin fenti ya yi ƙasa sosai, ingancin fim ɗin yana da wuya a tabbatar da shi.

5. Juriyar zafi a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi mafi girma a lokacin rani, zafin saman rufin fentin dutse zai iya kaiwa 70 ° C, idan juriyar zafi na fenti ya ƙasa da 80 ° C, kuma ba a kiyaye shi na tsawon awanni 5 ba, to fim ɗin zai samar da kwararar kumfa, kumfa da zamewa, wanda ke shafar tasirin hana ruwa shiga.