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Rini (launi) tsaka-tsaki wani reshe ne mai matuƙar mahimmanci na masana'antar sinadarai masu kyau, kuma saurin bunƙasa masana'antar rini (launi) ya dogara da haɓakar tsaka-tsakin da ke tafiya tare da shi.

An samu bunkasuwar samar da rini da masu tsaka-tsaki a kasar Sin sosai tun daga shekarun 1950, tare da kara zafafa gasa a kasuwa, rini da rini sun kasance masu kirkire-kirkire a fannin kere-kere; nasarorin da aka samu wajen samar da sabbin nau'o'in iri, ingantattun hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki, bincike kan sabbin hanyoyin, sabbin amfani da tsoffin iri, kare muhalli, da dai sauransu, ta yin amfani da fasaha mai tsafta don samar da rini da tsaka-tsakin launi.

Na farko, haɓakar yin amfani da tsaka-tsaki
Hoto

A gaskiya ma, ci gaban yin amfani da tsaka-tsaki yana da yawa, wani tsaka-tsakin da ake amfani da shi a cikin dyestuff da ake kira dye intermediates, kuma ana amfani dashi a magungunan kashe qwari, magunguna da ake kira pesticides, pharmaceutical intermediates. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da masu tsaka-tsaki a matsayin reshe na masana'antun sinadarai masu kyau gaba ɗaya, kada a raba su da tsauri zuwa tsaka-tsakin rini, magungunan kashe qwari, magungunan magunguna ta masana'antu, wanda zai rage girman amfani da wasu tsaka-tsaki kuma ya shafi ci gabanta.

Kyakkyawan bincike na sunadarai masu kyau na bincike suna halayyar nau'ikan bincike mai yawa, ƙari ga nau'ikan sikelin samarwa musamman, amma tsarin shiri yana da yawa, ya ƙunshi halayen sashi da yawa , samarwa kuma ya haifar da adadi mai yawa na "sharar gida uku" da ake buƙatar sarrafa su yadda ya kamata. Sabili da haka, ya kamata mu shiga cikin bincike na samfurori na samfurori da kuma tsara samar da tsaka-tsaki a hankali don samun fa'idodin ma'auni mai kyau.

Daga halin da ake ciki na kasashen waje, da bincike da kuma samar da tsaka-tsaki ayan da za a yadda ya kamata mayar da hankali ga cimma jerin samar, wani sa na samar da kayan aiki iya samar da dama zuwa dozin iri na tsaka-tsaki, irin wannan bincike da samarwa ta hanyar ci gaban gaba daya, da yin amfani da. sabon fasaha ya fi sauƙi don aiwatarwa, zai cimma sakamakon sau biyu tare da rabin ƙoƙarin. Halin da ake ciki na Japan na iya zama don mu tunani, ainihin samar da matsakaici a cikin Japan kuma yana warwatse sosai, daga shekarun 1960 ya kasance sau bakwai don daidaitawa, mayar da hankali.

Ta hanyar yin gyare-gyare da bunkasuwa, masana'antun tsaka-tsakin rini na kasar Sin sun kai wani matsayi mafi girma a fannin samar da kayayyaki, da fasaha da na kayan aiki, wadanda ba wai kawai ba za su iya biyan bukatun bunkasuwar sana'ar yin rini a cikin gida ba, har ma da samar da matsakaicin matsakaicin inganci. ga kasashen waje.

Abubuwan da ake buƙata don haɗin tsaka-tsaki ana samun su ne daga samfuran man fetur da masana'antar sinadarai na coking, mafi yawansu sune benzene, naphthalene, mahaɗan anthraquinone, da wasu mahaɗan heterocyclic, da kuma abubuwan da aka shirya tare da tsaka-tsakin mahaɗan heterocyclic suna kunne. karuwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Bugu da kari, phenanthrene, pyridine, oxygen fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, biphenyl jerin mahadi, wadannan hadaddun albarkatun kasa amfani ga yi na dyes, sa'an nan yin amfani da roba albarkatun kasa zai zama mafi girma da kuma duniya.

Na biyu, halayen sinadaran da aka fi amfani da su na tsaka-tsaki
Hoto

Za a sarrafa danyen kayan zuwa rini (launi) matsakaicin masana'antar da aka fi amfani da su kamar haka.

(1) amsawar sulfonation
(2) Maganin Nitration
(3) halogenation dauki
(4) Rage martani ga shirya amino
(5) Maganin diazotization (sau da yawa yana tare da halayen haɗuwa)
(6) alkali fusion dauki don maye gurbin rukunin sulfonic acid zuwa hydroxyl
(7) Acylation dauki
(8) Maganin Oxidation
(9) gurbatacciyar iska da iskar carbonation
(10) Aromatiation reaction (mafi yawan amino)
(11) amsawar maye gurbin juna na hydroxyl da rukunin amino
(12) hydroxyl ko amino hydrocarbonation dauki

Dangane da tsarin babban zoben aromatic na tsaka-tsakin sinadarai masu kyau, ana iya raba tsaka-tsaki zuwa tsarin aliphatic, tsarin benzene, tsarin naphthalene, tsarin anthraquinone, tsarin heterocyclic da tsarin zobe mai kauri. Kasarmu na iya samar da benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, tsarin heterocyclic, kamar rini, pigment matsakaici fiye da nau'ikan 400, m don saduwa da rini, buƙatun ci gaban masana'antar pigment.

Babban nau'in tsarin benzene shine.

2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N, N-dimethylaniline, p-aminoanisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N- ethylaniline, m-hydroxydiethylaniline, 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, om-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, bianisidine, p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, o-, p-aminoanisole, DSD, da dai sauransu N-methyl-m- toluidine, N-Ethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine. m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl m-toluidine, N-methylphenyl m-toluidine, p-toluidine, ethoxy aniline, 2-4-dimethyl aniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4 -methoxy-3-aminobenzanilide, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N, N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, m- da para-esters, da dai sauransu.

Babban nau'in tsaka-tsakin naphthalene sune.

2-naphthol, H-acid, K-acid, 2,3-acid, 2,6-acid, tartaric acid, 6-nitro-1,2,4-acid oxygenate, J-acid, peri-acid, γ- acid, G-gishiri, R-gishiri, amino K-acid, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R- Acid, da dai sauransu Babban nau'in tsaka-tsakin anthraquinone sune: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl anthraquinone bromine, 1,5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-amino-5-benzooneyl anthraquinone. 1,5-dihydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, da dai sauransu.

Babban nau'in tsarin heterocyclic da tsarin zobe mai kauri sune.

Melamine, barbituric acid, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-amino thiazole, dehydrothio-p-toluidine bisulfonic acid, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N- ethylpyridone, 3-formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride,! tetracarboxylic anhydride, da dai sauransu.