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Rini (launi) matsakaici wani muhimmin reshe ne na masana'antar sinadarai masu kyau, kuma saurin ci gaban masana'antar rini (launi) ya dogara ne akan ci gaban tsaka-tsakin da ke tafiya tare da shi.

An samu ci gaba sosai wajen samar da rini da kuma tsaka-tsakin launuka a kasar Sin tun daga shekarun 1950, yayin da ake kara samun gasa a kasuwa, rini da tsaka-tsakin launuka sun kasance sabbin abubuwa a fasahar samarwa; ci gaba a fannin samar da sabbin nau'ikan iri, inganta tsarin samarwa, bincike kan sabbin hanyoyi, sabbin amfani da tsoffin nau'ikan iri, kare muhalli, da sauransu, ta amfani da fasaha mai tsafta don samar da rini da tsaka-tsakin launuka.

Da farko, haɓaka amfani da tsaka-tsaki
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A zahiri, ci gaban amfani da tsaka-tsaki yana da fuskoki da yawa, wani matsakaici da ake amfani da shi a cikin rini da ake kira dyes intermediates, kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin magungunan kashe kwari, magunguna da ake kira magungunan kashe kwari, magungunan kashe kwari. Ya kamata a ɗauki matsakaici a matsayin reshe na masana'antar sinadarai masu kyau gaba ɗaya, bai kamata a raba shi da ƙarfi zuwa tsaka-tsakin rini, magungunan kashe kwari, magungunan kashe kwari ta hanyar masana'antu ba, wanda zai rage girman amfani da wasu tsaka-tsaki kuma ya shafi ci gabansa.

Binciken tsaka-tsakin sinadarai masu kyau yana da alaƙa da nau'ikan iri-iri, ban da nau'ikan nau'ikan samarwa da yawa suna da girma musamman, yawancin nau'ikan tannage ba su da yawa, amma tsarin shiryawa sau da yawa yana da rikitarwa, wanda ya haɗa da halayen naúrar da yawa da tsarin rabuwa, samarwa kuma ya haifar da adadi mai yawa na "sharar gida uku" da ake buƙatar a sarrafa su yadda ya kamata. Saboda haka, ya kamata mu shiga cikin binciken tsarin samfuran jerin kuma mu tsara samar da tsaka-tsakin gwargwadon iko don samun fa'idodi masu kyau.

Daga yanayin ƙasashen waje, bincike da samar da tsaka-tsaki galibi ana mayar da hankali sosai don cimma samar da jerin kayayyaki, saitin kayan aikin samarwa na iya samar da nau'ikan tsaka-tsaki da dama zuwa goma sha biyu, irin wannan bincike da samarwa ta hanyar ci gaba gabaɗaya, amfani da sabuwar fasaha ya fi sauƙi a aiwatar, zai cimma ninki biyu na sakamakon tare da rabin ƙoƙarin. Yanayin Japan na iya zama don ambatonmu, ainihin samar da tsaka-tsaki a Japan shi ma ya bazu sosai, daga shekarun 1960 ya kasance sau bakwai don daidaitawa, mai da hankali.

Ta hanyar sauyi da ci gaba, masana'antar rini da tsaka-tsakin launuka ta kasar Sin ta kai wani matsayi mafi girma a fannin samar da kayayyaki, fasaha da kuma matakin kayan aiki, wanda ba wai kawai zai iya biyan bukatun ci gaban masana'antar rini da launuka na cikin gida ba, har ma zai samar da ingantattun hanyoyin sadarwa ga kasashen waje.

Kayan da ake buƙata don haɗa tsaka-tsakin ana samun su ne galibi daga samfuran masana'antar man fetur da sinadarai na coking, waɗanda galibinsu su ne benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone compounds, da kuma wasu mahadi masu heterocyclic, da kuma launukan halitta da aka shirya tare da mahaɗan heterocyclic intermediates suna ƙaruwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Bugu da ƙari, phenanthrene, pyridine, oxygen fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, biphenyl series of mahadi, waɗannan kayan haɗin gwiwa da ake amfani da su wajen ƙera rini, to amfani da kayan haɗin gwiwa zai zama mafi faɗi da kuma gama gari.

Na biyu, halayen sinadarai da aka fi amfani da su a tsaka-tsaki
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Za a sarrafa kayan da aka yi amfani da su zuwa cikin tsaka-tsakin masana'antu na rini (launi).

(1) amsawar sulfonation
(2) Amsar Nitrate
(3) amsawar halogenation
(4) Rage amsawar amino acid don shirya shi
(5) Hawan diazotization (sau da yawa tare da haɗin kai)
(6) amsawar haɗin alkali don maye gurbin rukunin sulfonic acid zuwa hydroxyl
(7) Haɓaka saurin gudu
(8) Haɓakar iskar oxygen
(9) daskararren ruwa da kuma iskar carbonation
(10) Haɓaka ƙamshi (galibi amino)
(11) maye gurbin juna na hydroxyl da ƙungiyoyin amino
(12) amsawar hydroxyl ko amino hydrocarbonation

Dangane da tsarin babban zoben ƙamshi na tsaka-tsakin sinadarai masu kyau, ana iya raba tsaka-tsakin zuwa tsarin aliphatic, tsarin benzene, tsarin naphthalene, tsarin anthraquinone, tsarin heterocyclic da tsarin zobe mai kauri. Ƙasarmu na iya samar da tsarin benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, tsarin heterocyclic, kamar rini, tsaka-tsakin launuka sama da nau'ikan 400, don biyan buƙatun rini da haɓaka masana'antar launi.

Babban nau'ikan tsarin benzene sune.

2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, p-aminoanisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N-ethylaniline, m-hydroxydiethylaniline, 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, om-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, bianisidine, p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, o-, p-aminoanisole, DSD, da sauransu. N-methyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine. m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl m-toluidine, N-methylphenyl m-toluidine, p-toluidine, ethoxy aniline, 2-4-dimethyl aniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methoxy-3-aminobenzanilide, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N, N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, m- da para-esters, da sauransu.

Manyan nau'ikan naphthalene masu tsaka-tsaki sune.

2-naphthol, H-acid, K-acid, 2,3-acid, 2,6-acid, tartaric acid, 6-nitro-1,2,4-acid oxygenate, J-acid, peri-acid, γ-acid, G-gishiri, R-gishiri, amino K-acid, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid, da sauransu. Manyan nau'ikan tsaka-tsakin anthraquinone sune: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl anthraquinone bromine, 1,5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-amino-5-benzoyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, da sauransu.

Manyan nau'ikan tsarin heterocyclic da tsarin zobe mai kauri sune.

Melamine, barbituric acid, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-amino thiazole, dehydrothio-p-toluidine bisulfonic acid, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride, ! tetracarboxylic anhydride, da sauransu.