A ƙarƙashin tasirin annobar, cinikin ƙasashen waje a shekarar 2020 ya fuskanci koma-baya da farko sannan ya ƙaru. Cinikin ƙasashen waje ya yi jinkiri a rabin farko na shekara, amma ya karu da sauri a rabin na biyu na shekara, inda ya kai wani yanayi mai zafi, wanda ya zarce tsammanin kasuwa. Yawan kwantena a Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Shanghai zai kai TEU miliyan 43.5 a shekarar 2020, wanda ya kai matsayi mafi girma. Ana samun oda, amma wannan yanayi yana da wahalar samu, har zuwa farkon wannan shekarar.

Ma'aikatan Jirgin Ruwa na Gabashin Shanghai Port Waigaoqiao sun bayyana cewa tashoshin jiragen ruwa suna aiki da cikakken ƙarfinsu kwanan nan. A cikin farfajiyar, an tara kwantena da yawa, inda adadin kwantena masu nauyi da ke ɗauke da kaya ya fi adadin waɗanda babu komai a ciki.

Ci gaban da aka samu a harkokin kasuwancin ƙasashen waje ya ƙara yawan buƙatar kwantena, kuma ƙarancin kwantena a Tashar Ruwa ta Cikin Gida a bayyane yake. Wakilin ya kuma ziyarci Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Shanghai da ke Anji, Lardin Zhejiang.

Wakilin ya lura cewa ana jigilar kwantena da yawa daga Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Shanghai zuwa Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Anji, kuma ana shirin aika waɗannan kwantena zuwa kamfanonin kasuwanci na ƙasashen waje don haɗa kaya. A baya, adadin akwatunan da babu komai a Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Anji na iya kaiwa sama da 9000, amma kwanan nan, saboda ƙarancin kwantena, adadin akwatunan da babu komai an rage su zuwa sama da 1000.

Li Mingfeng, daya daga cikin ma'aikatan jirgin ruwan da ke kan kogin, ya shaida wa manema labarai cewa an tsawaita lokacin jira na jiragen ruwa daga sa'o'i da dama zuwa kwana biyu ko uku saboda wahalar da ake sha wajen tura kwantena.

Li Wei, mataimakin babban manajan kamfanin Shanggang International Port Affairs Co., Ltd. a gundumar Anji, birnin Huzhou, lardin Zhejiang, ya ce a halin yanzu, za a iya cewa kwantena ɗaya yana da wahalar samu, domin duk kamfanonin kera jiragen ruwa sun kwace kwantena marasa komai, waɗanda ba za su iya biyan buƙatun dukkan kasuwancin fitar da kaya ba.

Saboda wahalar rarraba kwantena, lokacin jira jiragen ruwa shine kwanaki 2-3. Kwantena suna da wahalar samu, kamfanonin kasuwanci na ƙasashen waje da masu jigilar kaya suna sha'awar juyawa, ba wai kawai yana da wahalar samun akwatuna ba, har ma farashin kaya yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa.

Guo Shaohai ya shafe sama da shekaru 30 yana cikin harkar jigilar kaya kuma shine shugaban wani kamfanin jigilar kaya na duniya. A cikin 'yan watannin nan, yana damuwa game da neman kwantena. Abokan cinikin ƙasashen waje suna ta neman akwatuna don jigilar kaya don fitarwa, amma kwantena suna da wahalar samu, don haka zai iya ci gaba da yin aiki tare da kamfanonin jigilar kaya don neman akwatuna. Tun daga watan Satumba ko Oktoba na bara, an sami ƙarancin akwatuna. A wannan shekarar, abin ya yi tsanani sosai. Zai iya kawai tambayar ƙungiyar su jira a can, kuma duk ƙarfin kasuwancinsa yana mai da hankali kan nemo akwatuna.

A takaice dai, lokacin hutun masana'antar jigilar kaya ne bayan watan Oktoba a shekarun baya, amma babu hutun bazara gaba ɗaya a shekarar 2020. Tun daga rabin na biyu na shekarar 2020, yawan odar cinikin ƙasashen waje ya ƙaru sosai, wanda ya zarce tsammanin kasuwa. Amma barkewar cutar ta shafi jigilar kayayyaki ta ƙasashen waje da ingancin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na ƙasashen waje, inda adadin kwantena marasa komai ke taruwa a wurare kamar Amurka, Turai da Ostiraliya. Kwantena da suka fita ba za su iya dawowa ba.

Yan Hai, Babban Mai Nazari Kan Harkokin Sufuri na Shenwan Hongyuan Securities Transportation Logistics: Babban matsalar ita ce ƙarancin ingancin ma'aikata da annobar ta haifar. Saboda haka, tasoshin jiragen ruwa a faɗin duniya, musamman waɗanda ke shigo da kaya daga ƙasashen Turai da Amurka, suna da jinkiri mai tsawo.

Karancin kwantena a kasuwa ya sa farashin jigilar kaya ya yi tashin gwauron zabi, musamman a manyan hanyoyin. Guo Shaohai ya kai wa wakilinmu takardu guda biyu domin ya gani, rabin shekara ya ninka lokacin da aka yi jigilar kaya a hanya daya. Ga kamfanonin kasuwanci na kasashen waje, samarwa ba za ta iya tsayawa ba, tana rike da oda amma adadi mai yawa na kayayyaki suna da wahalar jigilar kaya, matsin kudi yana da yawa. Masana'antar na sa ran karancin kwantena da sararin jigilar kaya za su ci gaba.

Dangane da yaduwar annobar duniya, umarnin kamfanonin cinikayyar waje na China har yanzu yana ƙaruwa, wanda ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba, amma akwai kuma ƙarancin matsalar samar da kwantena, yaya yanayin kasuwancin ƙasashen waje yake? Masu aiko da rahotanni sun zama sananne a matsayin "shugaban masana'antar garin" Zhejiang Anji ta gudanar da bincike.

Ding Chen, wanda ke gudanar da wani kamfanin samar da kayan daki, ya shaida wa manema labarai cewa bukatar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje a rabin na biyu na shekarar 2020 ta yi karfi sosai, kuma an tsara wa kamfaninsa umarnin har zuwa watan Yunin 2021, amma matsalar isar da kayayyaki tana nan a ko da yaushe, tare da tarin kayayyaki da kuma matsin lamba mai yawa a kan kayayyaki.

Ding Chen ya ce ba wai kawai hauhawar farashin kaya ba ne, har ma da ƙarin kuɗi don samun kwantena. A shekarar 2020, za a kashe ƙarin kuɗi akan kwantena, wanda zai rage ribar da aka samu da aƙalla 10%. Ya ce jigilar kaya ta yau da kullun kusan yuan 6,000 ne, amma yanzu muna buƙatar kashe kusan yuan 3,000 don ɗaukar akwatin.

Wani kamfanin kasuwanci na ƙasashen waje yana ƙarƙashin irin wannan matsin lamba don ya shanye wasu daga cikinsu ta hanyar hauhawar farashi, da kuma yawancinsa. Ganin matsin lamba daban-daban da kamfanonin cinikayya na ƙasashen waje ke fuskanta, hukumomin yankin sun ɗauki matakai daban-daban don yi musu hidima, ciki har da inshorar bashi, rage haraji da kuɗin shiga, da sauransu.

Ganin yadda ake fuskantar matsalar karancin kwantena a yanzu, tashoshin jiragen ruwa suna jan hankalin kwantena marasa komai ta hanyar manufofin fifiko, kuma kamfanonin jigilar kaya sun kuma bude jiragen ruwa na karin lokaci don ci gaba da kara karfinsu.