Matsakaici: Tsakanin rini (launi) wani reshe ne mai matuƙar mahimmanci na masana'antar sinadarai masu kyau. Ci gaban masu tsaka-tsaki masu goyan baya. An samu bunkasuwa sosai tun daga shekarun 1950, inda kasar Sin ke samar da tsaka-tsaki na rini da launi. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, samar da tsaka-tsakin launi da launi ya zama mai tsanani, kuma an sami sababbin abubuwa a cikin fasahar samarwa. Mun sami ci gaba a fannoni da yawa, kamar bincike, sabbin amfani ga tsofaffin iri da kare muhalli, kuma mun ɗauki tsari mai tsabta don samar da rini da tsaka-tsakin launi. .

1
Ci gaban amfani da tsaka-tsaki

A hakikanin gaskiya, amfani da tsaka-tsakin ci gaba ne mai yawa, wani nau'i na tsaka-tsakin da ake amfani da su a cikin rini da ake kira rini tsaka-tsakin, kuma ana amfani da su a magungunan kashe qwari, magunguna, da sauransu. Har ila yau ana kiran magungunan kashe qwari, masu tsaka-tsakin magunguna. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin reshe na masana'antar sinadarai masu kyau gaba ɗaya, kada a raba shi da ƙarfi zuwa tsaka-tsakin rini, magungunan kashe qwari, magungunan kashe qwari, magungunan kashe qwari. , Matsakaicin magungunan kashe qwari, magungunan kashe qwari, masu maganin qwari, masu maganin qwari, masu maganin qwari, masu maganin qwari, masu maganin qwari, masu maganin qwari, masu maganin qwari, masu maganin qwari, masu maganin qwari, masu maganin qwari, masu maganin qwari, masu cin ganyayyaki, masu cin abinci, masu cin abinci, masu cin abinci, masu cin abinci, masu cin abinci, da masu sana'a. masu tsaka-tsaki, magungunan kashe qwari, magungunan kashe qwari, magungunan kashe qwari, magungunan kashe qwari, magungunan magunguna, wanda zai rage yawan amfani da wasu tsaka-tsaki kuma ya shafi ci gaban su.

Kyakkyawan bincike na tsaka-tsakin sinadarai yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan samarwa suna da girma musamman, yawancin nau'ikan tonnage ba su da girma sosai, amma tsarin shirye-shiryen sau da yawa ya fi rikitarwa, wanda ya haɗa da halayen naúrar da rarrabuwa da yawa, kuma samar da adadi mai yawa na "sharar gida guda uku" na buƙatar kulawa da kyau. Sabili da haka, ya kamata mu shiga cikin bincike na tsarin samfuri, ƙungiya mai ma'ana ta tsaka-tsaki don samun ingantaccen samar da sikelin.

Daga halin da ake ciki na kasashen waje, bincike da samar da masu tsaka-tsaki suna da hankali sosai don cimma nasarar samarwa. 'yan kaɗan zuwa dozin iri-iri na tsaka-tsaki, irin wannan bincike da samarwa yana da sauƙin aiwatarwa ta hanyar haɓaka gabaɗaya da ɗaukar sabbin fasahohi. Za mu sami sakamako sau biyu tare da rabin ƙoƙarin. Za mu iya komawa ga halin da ake ciki a Japan, inda samar da tsaka-tsaki ya kasance mai raguwa sosai, tun daga shekarun 1960. An gyara shi kuma an tattara shi sau bakwai.

Ta hanyar sauye-sauye da bunkasuwa, masana'antun tsaka-tsakin launi na kasar Sin sun kai wani matsayi mafi girma a fannin samar da kayayyaki, da fasaha da na kayan aiki, wadanda ba wai kawai za su iya biyan bukatun raya masana'antar rini na cikin gida ba, har ma da samar da ingantattun kayayyakin tsaka-tsaki na tsaka-tsaki don haka. kasashen waje.

Abubuwan da ake buƙata don haɗa tsaka-tsaki ana samun su galibi daga samfuran man fetur da masana'antar sinadarai na coking, yawancin su sune benzene, naphthalene, naphthalene, da naphthalene. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kwayoyin halitta da aka shirya daga tsaka-tsakin heterocyclic sun kasance suna karuwa. Bugu da kari, phenanthrene, pyridine, oxygen fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, biphenyl jerin mahadi, wadannan hadaddun albarkatun kasa amfani ga yi na dyestuff. Yin amfani da kayan daɗaɗɗen roba zai zama mafi yaduwa kuma na kowa.

2
Mafi yawan halayen sinadaran da ake amfani da su don tsaka-tsaki

Mafi yawan halayen sinadarai da ake amfani da su don sarrafa albarkatun ƙasa zuwa tsaka-tsaki na masana'antar rini (pigment) sune kamar haka.

(1) Sulfonation reaction
(2) Halayen Nitrification
(3) Halogenation halayen
(4) Rage martani ga shirya amino
(5) Halayen diazotization (sau da yawa tare da halayen haɗuwa)
(6) Sauya ƙungiyoyin sulfonic acid zuwa ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl ta hanyar halayen narkewar alkali
(7) Halayen acetylation
(8) Maganganun Oxidation
(9) Namiji da halayen carbonation
(10) Aromatization halayen (musamman amino)
(11) Halin musanya na hydroxyl da amino kungiyoyin
(12) Hydroxylation na hydroxyl ko amino kungiyoyin

Dangane da tsarin zoben aromatic na tsaka-tsakin sinadarai masu kyau, ana iya rarraba su zuwa aliphatic, benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic da m. Tsarin zobe. Kasarmu na iya samar da nau'ikan benzene sama da 400, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic da sauran tsaka-tsaki na rini da launi, waɗanda ke iya cika buƙatun ci gaban masana'antar rini da pigment.

3
Manyan nau'ikan tsarin benzene

2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, p-amino Anisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N -ethylaniline, m-hydroxydiethylaniline 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, o-, p-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, benzidine, anisylamine, p-amine Benzenesulfonic acid, o-anisole, p-aminoanisole, DSD acid. p-aminophenetole, CTL acid, o-cyano-p-nitroaniline, acetoacetylacetamide o-Methoxyaniline, hydroquinone, resorcinol, N-methyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine , N, N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-toluidine Methyl cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl-m- toluidine, N-methylphenyl-m-toluidine, p-, ethoxyaniline, 2 4-dimethylaniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methoxy-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide. methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide. Aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-midemethyl-aminobenzamide. 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide 2,4,5-Trichloroaniline, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N, N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5 -trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline. , 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2 ,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4 ,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline inter, para ester, da dai sauransu.

4
Babban nau'in tsaka-tsakin naphthalene

2-naphthol, H-acid, K-acid, 2,3-acid, 2,6-acid, thujaplic acid, 6-nitro-1,2,4 acid oxygens. J-acid, peri-acid, gamma-acid, G-gishiri, R-gishiri, amino K-acid, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene. , 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid da sauransu. Matsakaicin Anthraquinone sun haɗa da: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl-bromophosphate, 1,5-dimethyl-anthraquinone, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid, da dai sauransu. ,5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-Amino-5-benzoyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy Anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, da dai sauransu.

5
Manyan heterocyclic da nau'in cyclic masu yawa

Cyanuric chloride, barbituric acid, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole Aminothiazole, dehydrothiobenzidine bisulfonic acid, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethyl3rido -cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano -4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4 -methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl -6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6 -hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone Formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalene anhydride, naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride,! tetracarboxylic anhydride, da dai sauransu.