Matsakaici: Rini (pigment) matsakaici wani muhimmin reshe ne na masana'antar sinadarai masu kyau. Ci gaban masu tallafawa matsakaici. Ana haɓaka samar da tsaka-tsakin China don rini da launi sosai tun daga shekarun 1950. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, samar da tsaka-tsakin rini da launi ya zama mai tsanani, kuma an sami sabbin abubuwa a fasahar samarwa. Mun sami ci gaba a fannoni da dama, kamar bincike, sabbin amfani ga tsoffin nau'ikan iri da kariyar muhalli, kuma mun ɗauki tsari mai tsabta don samar da tsaka-tsakin rini da launi.

1
Ci gaban amfani da tsaka-tsaki

A gaskiya ma, amfani da tsaka-tsaki ci gaba ne mai fuskoki da yawa, wani nau'in tsaka-tsaki da ake amfani da shi a cikin rini da ake kira tsaka-tsaki na rini, kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin magungunan kashe kwari, magunguna, da sauransu. Haka kuma ana kiransa da maganin kashe kwari, tsaka-tsaki na magunguna. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin reshe na masana'antar sinadarai mai kyau gaba ɗaya, bai kamata a raba shi da ƙarfi zuwa tsaka-tsaki na rini, tsaka-tsaki na magungunan kashe kwari ...

Binciken tsaka-tsakin sinadarai masu kyau yana da alaƙa da nau'ikan iri-iri, sai dai kaɗan daga cikin nau'ikan samar da kayayyaki suna da girma musamman, yawancin nau'ikan tannage ba su da girma sosai, amma tsarin shiryawa sau da yawa yana da rikitarwa, wanda ya haɗa da amsawar naúra da rabuwa da yawa, kuma samar da adadi mai yawa na "sharar gida uku" yana buƙatar a sarrafa shi yadda ya kamata. Saboda haka, ya kamata mu shiga cikin binciken tsarin samfura na jere, tsari mai ma'ana na tsaka-tsakin don samun ingantaccen aiki mai kyau.

Daga yanayin ƙasashen waje, bincike da samar da tsaka-tsaki galibi ana tattara su yadda ya kamata don cimma samar da kayayyaki na jeri. nau'ikan tsaka-tsaki kaɗan zuwa goma sha biyu, irin wannan bincike da samarwa ya fi sauƙi a aiwatar ta hanyar haɓakawa gaba ɗaya da ɗaukar sabbin fasahohi. Za mu sami sakamako sau biyu da rabi da ƙoƙari. Za mu iya komawa ga yanayin da ake ciki a Japan, inda samar da tsaka-tsaki ya kasance mai rarrabuwar kawuna, tun daga shekarun 1960. An daidaita shi kuma an mai da shi sau bakwai.

Ta hanyar sauyi da ci gaba, masana'antar rini da pigment ta kasar Sin ta kai wani matsayi mafi girma a fannin samar da kayayyaki, fasaha da kuma matakin kayan aiki, wanda ba wai kawai zai iya biyan bukatun rini na cikin gida da ci gaban masana'antar pigment ba, har ma zai samar da kayayyaki masu inganci ga kasashen waje.

Kayan da ake buƙata don haɗa tsaka-tsakin sinadarai galibi ana samun su ne daga samfuran masana'antar man fetur da sinadarai na coking, waɗanda galibinsu su ne benzene, naphthalene, naphthalene, da naphthalene. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, launukan halitta da aka shirya daga tsaka-tsakin heterocyclic sun ƙaru. Bugu da ƙari, phenanthrene, pyridine, oxygen fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, biphenyl series compounds, waɗannan kayan haɗin gwiwa da ake amfani da su wajen ƙera rini. Amfani da kayan haɗin roba zai zama yaɗuwa kuma ya zama ruwan dare.

2
Mafi yawan halayen sinadarai da ake amfani da su ga masu tsaka-tsaki

Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su wajen sarrafa kayan da aka yi amfani da su wajen sarrafa su zuwa tsaka-tsaki ga masana'antar rini (pigment) sune kamar haka.

(1) Haɗarin Sulfonation
(2) Halayen nitrification
(3) Halayen Halogenation
(4) Rage amsawar amino acid don shirya shi
(5) Halayen Diazotization (sau da yawa tare da halayen haɗin gwiwa)
(6) Sauya rukunin sulfonic acid zuwa ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl ta hanyar halayen narkewar alkali
(7) Halayen acetylation
(8) Halayen iskar oxygen
(9) Halayen hayaki da kuma halayen carbonation
(10) Halayen ƙamshi (galibi amino)
(11) Halayen hydroxyl da amino da ke canzawa
(12) Haɗakar hydroxyl ko ƙungiyoyin amino

Dangane da tsarin zoben ƙamshi na ƙananan sinadarai masu tsaka-tsaki, ana iya rarraba su zuwa aliphatic, benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic da kuma tsarin zoben mai yawa. Ƙasarmu na iya samar da nau'ikan benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic da sauran tsaka-tsaki na rini da pigment fiye da 400, waɗanda za su iya biyan buƙatun ci gaban masana'antar rini da pigment.

3
Manyan nau'ikan tsarin benzene

2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, p-amino Anisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N-ethylaniline, m-hydroxydiethylaniline 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, o-, p-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, benzidine, anisylamine, p-amine Benzenesulfonic acid, o-anisole, p-aminoanisole, DSD acid, p-aminophenetole, CTL acid, o-cyano-p-nitroaniline, acetoacetylacetamide o-Methoxyaniline, hydroquinone, resorcinol, N-methyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine Toluidine, N,N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-toluidine Methyl cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-methylphenyl-m-toluidine, p-, ethoxyaniline, 2 4-dimethylaniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methoxy-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, ... 2,4,5-Trichloroaniline, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N,N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline inter, para ester, da sauransu.

4
Babban nau'ikan tsaka-tsakin naphthalene

2-naphthol, H-acid, K-acid, 2,3-acid, 2,6-acid, thujaplic acid, 6-nitro-1,2,4 acid oxygens. J-acid, peri-acid, gamma-acid, G-gishiri, R-gishiri, amino K-acid, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol -5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid da sauransu. Matsakaitan anthraquinone sun haɗa da: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl-bromophosphate, 1,5-dimethyl-anthraquinone, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid, da sauransu. Anthraquinone, 1,5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-Amino-5-benzoyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy Anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, da sauransu.

5
Manyan nau'ikan heterocyclic da masu yawan cyclic

Cyanuric chloride, barbituric acid, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole Aminothiazole, dehydrothiobenzidine bisulfonic acid, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone Formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalene anhydride, naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride, ! tetracarboxylic anhydride, da sauransu.