Rini masu amsawa suna da kyakkyawan narkewa cikin ruwa. Rini masu amsawa galibi suna dogara ne akan rukunin acid sulfonic akan kwayoyin rini don narke cikin ruwa. Don meso-zazzabi mai amsa rini mai ɗauke da ƙungiyoyin vinylsulfone, ban da ƙungiyar sulfonic acid, β-Ethylsulfonyl sulfate kuma ƙungiya ce mai kyau mai narkewa.

A cikin maganin ruwa mai ruwa, ions sodium akan rukunin sulfonic acid da rukunin -ethylsulfone sulfate suna shan maganin hydration don yin rini ya zama anion kuma ya narke cikin ruwa. Rini na rini mai amsawa ya dogara da anion ɗin rini da za a rina zuwa fiber.

Narkewar dyes masu amsawa ya fi 100 g/L, yawancin rinayen suna da narkewar 200-400 g/L, wasu rinayen kuma na iya kaiwa 450 g/L. Duk da haka, yayin aikin rini, narkewar rini zai ragu saboda dalilai daban-daban (ko ma gaba daya maras narkewa). Lokacin da mai narkewar rini ya ragu, ɓangaren rini zai canza daga anion kyauta guda ɗaya zuwa barbashi, saboda babban cajin da ke tsakanin ɓangarorin. Ragewa, barbashi da barbashi za su jawo hankalin juna don samar da agglomeration. Wannan nau'in tashin hankali na farko yana tattara ɓangarorin rini zuwa agglomerates, sa'an nan kuma ya rikide zuwa agglomerates, kuma a ƙarshe ya juya zuwa flocs. Ko da yake flocs wani irin sako-sako da taro, saboda su The kewaye lantarki biyu Layer kafa ta tabbatacce da kuma korau cajin ne kullum wuya bazuwar da karfi karfi a lokacin da rini giya circulates, da flocs da sauki hazo a kan masana'anta. yana haifar da rini ko tabo.

Da zarar rini ya sami irin wannan agglomeration, za a rage saurin launi sosai, kuma a lokaci guda zai haifar da nau'i daban-daban na tabo, tabo, da tabo. Ga wasu rini, ɗigon ruwa zai ƙara haɓaka taro a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin juzu'i na maganin rini, yana haifar da bushewa da kuma fitar da gishiri. Da zarar gishiri ya fito, launin da aka rina zai zama haske sosai, ko ma ba a yi masa rina ba, ko da an rina shi, zai zama mummunan tabo da tabo.

Dalilan hada rini

Babban dalilin shine electrolyte. A cikin tsarin rini, babban abin da ake amfani da shi shine mai saurin rini (gishiri na sodium da gishiri). Mai saurin rini yana ƙunshe da ions sodium, kuma kwatankwacin ions sodium a cikin ƙwayar rini ya fi ƙasa da na ƙarar rini. Matsakaicin adadin ions sodium, daidaitaccen maida hankali na mai saurin rini a cikin tsarin rini na yau da kullun ba zai sami tasiri mai yawa akan narkewar rini a cikin wankan rini ba.

Duk da haka, lokacin da adadin saurin rini ya karu, ƙaddamar da ions sodium a cikin maganin yana ƙaruwa daidai. Yawan ions sodium zai hana ionization na sodium ions akan rukunin narkar da kwayoyin rini, don haka rage narkewar rini. Bayan fiye da 200 g/L, yawancin rinayen za su sami digiri daban-daban na haɗuwa. Lokacin da maida hankali na rini accelerator ya wuce 250 g/L, za a kara girman matakin tarawa, fara samar da agglomerates, sa'an nan kuma a cikin maganin rini. Agglomerates da floccules suna samuwa da sauri, kuma wasu dyes tare da ƙananan solubility suna da ɗan gishiri kaɗan ko ma sun bushe. Rini tare da tsarin kwayoyin halitta daban-daban suna da anti-agglomeration daban-daban da kaddarorin juriya na gishiri. Ƙananan solubility, anti-agglomeration da gishiri-haƙuri Properties. Mafi muni da aikin nazari.

Nauyin rini an ƙaddara shi ne ta yawan ƙungiyoyin sulfonic acid a cikin kwayoyin rini da adadin β-ethylsulfone sulfates. A lokaci guda, mafi girma hydrophilicity na kwayoyin rini, mafi girma da solubility da ƙananan hydrophilicity. Ƙananan solubility. (Alal misali, rini na tsarin azo sun fi hydrophilic fiye da rini na tsarin heterocyclic.) Bugu da ƙari, mafi girman tsarin kwayoyin halitta na rini, ƙananan solubility, da ƙananan tsarin kwayoyin halitta, mafi girma da solubility.

Solubility na reactive dyes
Ana iya raba shi kusan zuwa rukuni huɗu:

Class A, rini mai ɗauke da diethylsulfone sulfate (watau vinyl sulfone) da ƙungiyoyi uku masu amsawa (monochloros-triazine + divinyl sulfone) suna da mafi girman solubility, kamar Yuan Qing B, Navy GG, Navy RGB, Golden: RNL Da duk baƙar fata masu amsawa da suka yi ta Haɗin Yuanqing B, rinayen rukunoni masu amsawa uku kamar nau'in ED, nau'in Ciba, da sauransu. Narkar da waɗannan rinayen yawanci kusan 400 g/L.

Class B, dyes dauke da heterobireactive kungiyoyin (monochloros-triazine+vinylsulfone), kamar yellow 3RS, ja 3BS, ja 6B, ja GWF, RR uku primary launuka, RGB uku primary launuka, da dai sauransu Solubility dogara ne a kan 200-300 grams. Solubility na meta-ester ya fi na para-ester girma.

Nau'in C: Navy blue wanda shi ma ƙungiyar heterobireactive ne: BF, Navy blue 3GF, dark blue 2GFN, red RBN, red F2B, da dai sauransu, saboda ƙananan ƙungiyoyin sulfonic acid ko girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta, solubility kuma ƙananan, kawai 100. - 200 g / girma. Class D: Rini tare da ƙungiyar monovinylsulfone da tsarin heterocyclic, tare da mafi ƙarancin solubility, kamar Brilliant Blue KN-R, Turquoise Blue G, Bright Yellow 4GL, Violet 5R, Blue BRF, F2R Orange mai haske, M Red F2G, da dai sauransu The solubility na irin wannan rini yana kusan 100 g/l. Wannan nau'in rini yana da damuwa musamman ga electrolytes. Da zarar irin wannan nau'in rini ya yi girma, ba ya buƙatar ma ta hanyar flocculation, yin gishiri kai tsaye.

A cikin tsarin rini na yau da kullun, matsakaicin adadin ƙarar rini shine 80 g/l. Launuka masu duhu kawai suna buƙatar irin wannan babban taro na rini mai sauri. Lokacin da yawan rini a cikin wankan rini bai wuce 10 g/L ba, yawancin rini masu amsawa har yanzu suna da kyawawa mai kyau a wannan taro kuma ba za su tara ba. Amma matsalar tana cikin vat. Dangane da tsarin rini na yau da kullun, ana ƙara rini da farko, kuma bayan an gama cika rini a cikin wankan rini zuwa daidaito, ana ƙara ƙarar rini. Mai saurin rini yana kammala aikin rushewa a cikin vat.

Yi aiki bisa ga tsari mai zuwa

Zato: dyeing maida hankali ne 5%, barasa rabo ne 1:10, zane nauyi ne 350Kg (biyu bututu ruwa kwarara), ruwa matakin 3.5T, sodium sulfate ne 60 g / lita, jimlar adadin sodium sulfate ne 200Kg (50Kg). / fakitin duka fakiti 4)) (Irin ƙarfin tanki na kayan yana da kusan lita 450). A cikin aikin narkar da sodium sulfate, ana amfani da ruwan reflux na rini vat sau da yawa. Ruwan reflux ya ƙunshi rini da aka ƙara a baya. Gabaɗaya, 300L na reflux ruwa ana fara sanya shi a cikin bututun kayan, sannan ana zuba fakiti biyu na sodium sulfate (100 kg).

Matsalar tana nan, yawancin rinannun za su ƙaru zuwa digiri daban-daban a wannan taro na sodium sulfate. Daga cikin su, nau'in C za su sami haɓaka mai tsanani, kuma ba za a yi amfani da launi na D ba kawai, har ma da gishiri. Ko da yake babban ma'aikacin zai bi hanya don sake cika maganin sodium sulfate a hankali a cikin bututun kayan cikin rini ta babban famfo. Amma rini a cikin lita 300 na sodium sulfate bayani ya kafa flocs har ma da gishiri.

Lokacin da aka cika dukkan maganin da ke cikin vat ɗin kayan a cikin ɗimin rini, ana iya gani sosai cewa akwai wani nau'in ɓangarorin launi mai laushi a bangon vat da kasan ramin. Idan an cire waɗannan ɓangarorin rini kuma an saka su cikin ruwa mai tsabta, yana da wahala gabaɗaya. Narke sake. Hasali ma, lita 300 na maganin da ke shiga cikin var rini duk haka ne.

Ka tuna cewa akwai fakiti guda biyu na Yuanming Powder waɗanda kuma za a narkar da su a sake cika su a cikin ɗimin rini ta wannan hanya. Bayan wannan ya faru, tabo, tabo, da tabo za su iya faruwa, kuma saurin launi yana raguwa sosai saboda rini na saman, ko da babu wani fili mai yawo ko gishiri. Don Class A da Class B tare da mafi girma solubility, rini kuma zai faru. Ko da yake waɗannan rinayen ba su riga sun kafa flocculations ba, aƙalla ɓangaren rini sun riga sun sami agglomerates.

Wadannan tarin suna da wuyar shiga cikin fiber. Saboda amorphous yanki na auduga fiber kawai damar shiga da kuma yada na mono-ion dyes. Babu tarin da zai iya shiga yankin amorphous na fiber. Ana iya tallata shi kawai akan saman fiber ɗin. Hakanan za'a rage saurin launi sosai, kuma ɓangarorin launi da tabo kuma za su faru a lokuta masu tsanani.

Matsayin bayani na dyes mai amsawa yana da alaƙa da jami'an alkaline

Lokacin da aka ƙara wakili na alkali, β-ethylsulfone sulfate na rini mai amsawa za ta fuskanci maganin kawar da shi don samar da ainihin vinyl sulfone, wanda yake da narkewa sosai a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Tun da kawar da dauki na bukatar kadan alkali jamiái, (sau da yawa kawai lissafin kudi kasa da 1/10 na tsari sashi), da karin alkali sashi da aka kara da cewa, da karin dyes cewa kawar da dauki. Da zarar yanayin kawar ya faru, mai narkewar rini shima zai ragu.

Wannan alkali wakili ne kuma mai karfi electrolyte kuma ya ƙunshi sodium ions. Saboda haka, wuce gona da iri na wakili maida hankali zai kuma sa rini da ya kafa vinyl sulfone to agglomerate ko ma gishiri fita. Matsalar iri ɗaya tana faruwa a cikin tankin kayan. Lokacin da wakili na alkali ya narke (ɗaukar soda ash a matsayin misali), idan an yi amfani da maganin reflux. A wannan lokacin, ruwan reflux ya riga ya ƙunshi wakili mai haɓaka rini da rini a cikin tsari na al'ada. Ko da yake wani ɓangare na rini na iya ƙarewa da zaren, aƙalla fiye da kashi 40% na sauran rini na cikin rini. A ce an zubar da fakitin soda ash yayin aiki, kuma adadin soda ash a cikin tanki ya wuce 80 g / l. Ko da rini accelerator a cikin reflux ruwa ne 80 g/L a wannan lokaci, da rini a cikin tanki kuma zai condensed. Rini na C da D na iya ma fitar da gishiri, musamman ga rini na D, ko da idan adadin soda ash ya ragu zuwa 20 g/l, gishirin gida zai faru. Daga cikin su, Brilliant Blue KN.R, Turquoise Blue G, da Supervisor BRF sune mafi mahimmanci.

Dye agglomeration ko ma salting fita ba yana nufin cewa rini ya cika ruwa. Idan ya zama ƙaranci ko gishiri daga abin totur ɗin rini ya haifar, ana iya rina shi muddin ana iya sake narkar da shi. Amma don sake narkar da shi, ya zama dole a ƙara isasshen adadin taimakon rini (kamar urea 20 g/l ko fiye), kuma a ɗaga zafin jiki zuwa 90 ° C ko fiye tare da isasshen motsawa. Babu shakka yana da matukar wahala a cikin ainihin aikin tsari.
Don hana dyes daga agglomerating ko gishiri a cikin vat, dole ne a yi amfani da tsarin canza launi lokacin yin launi mai zurfi da mayar da hankali ga dyes C da D tare da ƙananan solubility, da kuma A da B dyes.

Tsarin aiki da bincike

1. Yi amfani da rini vat don mayar da rini accelerant da kuma dumama shi a cikin vat ya narkar da shi (60～80℃). Tun da babu rini a cikin ruwa mai dadi, mai saurin rini ba shi da alaƙa ga masana'anta. Narkar da rini totur za a iya cika a cikin rini da wuri-wuri.

2. Bayan an watsar da maganin brine na minti 5, mai saurin rini yana da cikakkiyar daidaituwa, sa'an nan kuma an ƙara maganin rini wanda aka narkar da shi a gaba. Maganin rini yana buƙatar diluted tare da maganin reflux, saboda ƙaddamar da ƙarar launi a cikin maganin reflux shine kawai 80 grams / L, launi ba zai yi girma ba. A lokaci guda kuma, saboda rini ba zai yi tasiri ba ta hanyar mai haɓaka rini (ƙananan ƙananan hankali), matsalar rini za ta faru. A wannan lokacin, maganin rini ba ya buƙatar sarrafa shi ta lokaci don cika kullun rini, kuma yawanci ana kammala shi a cikin minti 10-15.

3. A rika shayar da sinadarin alkali yadda ya kamata, musamman ga rini na C da D. Saboda irin wannan nau'in rini yana da matukar damuwa ga ma'aikatan alkaline a gaban masu inganta launi, rashin daidaituwa na abubuwan alkaline yana da girma (rauni na soda ash a 60 ° C shine 450 g / L). Ruwa mai tsabta da ake buƙata don narkar da wakili na alkali baya buƙatar zama mai yawa, amma saurin ƙara maganin alkali yana buƙatar zama daidai da bukatun tsari, kuma yana da kyau a ƙara shi a cikin hanyar haɓakawa.

4. Ga divinyl sulfone dyes a cikin category A, da dauki matakin ne in mun gwada da high saboda suna da musamman kula ga alkaline jamiái a 60 ° C. Don hana gyare-gyaren launi nan take da launi mara kyau, za ku iya riga-ƙasa 1/4 na wakilin alkali a ƙananan zafin jiki.

A cikin tsarin canza launin rini, kawai wakilin alkali ne kawai ke buƙatar sarrafa ƙimar ciyarwa. Tsarin canza launin rini ba kawai ya dace da hanyar dumama ba, amma kuma ya dace da tsarin zafin jiki akai-akai. Hanyar zafin jiki akai-akai na iya ƙara haɓakar rini da kuma hanzarta yadawa da shigar da rini. Yawan kumburin amorphous yanki na fiber a 60 ° C ya kai ninki biyu fiye da na 30 ° C. Sabili da haka, tsarin zafin jiki akai-akai ya fi dacewa da cuku, hank. Ƙwararrun katako sun haɗa da hanyoyin yin rini tare da ƙananan rabon giya, kamar rini na jig, wanda ke buƙatar babban shigarwa da yaduwa ko ingantacciyar ƙwayar rini.

Lura cewa sodium sulfate a halin yanzu da ake samu akan kasuwa wani lokacin yana da ɗan ƙaramin alkaline, kuma ƙimar PH na iya kaiwa 9-10. Wannan yana da matukar hadari. Idan ka kwatanta tsantsar sodium sulfate tare da gishiri mai tsabta, gishiri yana da tasiri mafi girma a kan rini fiye da sodium sulfate. Wannan saboda kwatankwacin ions sodium a cikin gishirin tebur ya fi na sodium sulfate a nauyi ɗaya.

Haɗin rini yana da alaƙa da ingancin ruwa. Gabaɗaya, ions na calcium da magnesium da ke ƙasa da 150ppm ba za su yi tasiri sosai a kan haɗar rini ba. Koyaya, ions masu nauyi a cikin ruwa, irin su ions ferric da ions aluminum, gami da wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin algae, zasu haɓaka haɗar rini. Misali, idan maida hankali na ferric ions a cikin ruwa ya wuce 20 ppm, anti-cohesion ikon da rini za a iya rage muhimmanci da kuma tasirin algae ya fi tsanani.

Haɗe da rini anti-agglomeration da salting-out juriya gwajin:

Ƙaddara 1: Auna 0.5 g na rini, 25 g na sodium sulfate ko gishiri, kuma a narkar da shi a cikin 100 ml na ruwa mai tsabta a 25 ° C na kimanin minti 5. Yi amfani da bututun ɗigon ruwa don tsotse maganin kuma sauke 2 ci gaba a wuri guda akan takardar tacewa.

Ƙaddara 2: Auna 0.5 g na rini, 8 g na sodium sulfate ko gishiri da 8 g na soda ash, kuma a narkar da shi a cikin 100 ml na ruwa mai tsabta a kimanin 25 ° C na kimanin minti 5. Yi amfani da digo don tsotse maganin a kan takardar tace ci gaba. 2 sauka.

Hanyar da ke sama za a iya amfani da ita don kawai yin hukunci akan anti-agglomeration da salting-fita ikon rini, kuma a zahiri na iya yin hukunci akan tsarin rini ya kamata a yi amfani da shi.