Rini masu amsawa suna da kyau sosai wajen narkewa a cikin ruwa. Rini masu amsawa galibi suna dogara ne akan rukunin sulfonic acid akan kwayar rini don narkewa a cikin ruwa. Ga rini masu amsawa a zafin jiki na meso-zazzabi waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙungiyoyin vinylsulfone, ban da rukunin sulfonic acid, β-Ethylsulfonyl sulfate shima kyakkyawan rukunin narkewa ne.

A cikin ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi wajen magance matsalar ruwa, sinadarin sodium ions da ke cikin rukunin sulfonic acid da kuma rukunin -ethylsulfone sulfate suna fuskantar amsawar ruwa don sanya rini ya zama anion ya narke a cikin ruwa. Rini na rini mai amsawa ya dogara ne da anion na rini da za a rina zuwa zare.

Narkewar rini mai amsawa ya fi 100 g/L, yawancin rini suna da narkewar 200-400 g/L, kuma wasu rini ma suna iya kaiwa 450 g/L. Duk da haka, a lokacin rini, narkewar rini zai ragu saboda dalilai daban-daban (ko ma ba ya narkewa gaba ɗaya). Lokacin da narkewar rini ya ragu, wani ɓangare na rini zai canza daga anion guda ɗaya kyauta zuwa barbashi, saboda babban ƙin caji tsakanin barbashi. Ragewa, barbashi da barbashi za su jawo hankalin juna don samar da haɗuwa. Wannan nau'in haɗuwa da farko yana tattara barbashi mai launi zuwa gauraye, sannan ya juya zuwa gauraye, sannan a ƙarshe ya juya zuwa gauraye. Kodayake flocs wani nau'in haɗuwa ne mai sassauƙa, saboda su. Layin lantarki mai kewaye wanda aka samar ta hanyar caji mai kyau da mara kyau gabaɗaya yana da wahalar ruɓewa ta hanyar ƙarfin yankewa lokacin da giyar rini ke yawo, kuma flocs suna da sauƙin zubewa akan masana'anta, wanda ke haifar da rini ko tabo a saman.

Da zarar rini ya yi irin wannan haɗuwa, ƙarfin launin zai ragu sosai, kuma a lokaci guda zai haifar da matakai daban-daban na tabo, tabo, da tabo. Ga wasu rini, flocculation zai ƙara hanzarta haɗuwa a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin cirewar ruwan rini, yana haifar da bushewa da fitar da gishiri. Da zarar gishiri ya fito, launin da aka rina zai yi haske sosai, ko ma ba a rina shi ba, ko da an rina shi, zai zama tabo mai tsanani da tabo masu launi.

Dalilan Tarin Rini

Babban dalili shine electrolyte. A tsarin rini, babban electrolyte shine mai saurin rini (gishirin sodium da gishiri). Mai saurin rini yana ɗauke da sodium ions, kuma daidai da sodium ions a cikin kwayar rini ya fi ƙasa da na mai saurin rini. Daidai adadin sodium ions, yawan sodium ions na yau da kullun a cikin tsarin rini na yau da kullun ba zai yi tasiri sosai kan narkewar rini a cikin baho mai rini ba.

Duk da haka, idan adadin mai saurin rini ya ƙaru, yawan sinadarin sodium a cikin maganin yana ƙaruwa daidai gwargwado. Yawan sinadarin sodium zai hana ionization na sodium ions akan rukunin narkewar sinadarin rini, ta haka ne zai rage narkewar rini. Bayan fiye da 200 g/L, yawancin rini za su sami matakai daban-daban na taruwa. Lokacin da yawan sinadarin mai saurin rini ya wuce 250 g/L, matakin taruwa zai ƙaru, da farko ya samar da agglomerates, sannan a cikin maganin rini. Ana samar da Agglomerates da floccules da sauri, kuma wasu rini masu ƙarancin narkewa ana cire su kaɗan ko ma a bushe su. Rini masu tsarin kwayoyin halitta daban-daban suna da halaye daban-daban na hana taruwa da kuma juriya ga gishiri. Mafi ƙarancin narkewa, da kaddarorin hana taruwa da juriya ga gishiri. Mafi muni shine aikin nazari.

Mafi yawan sinadaran rini ana tantance su ne ta hanyar adadin rukunin sulfonic acid a cikin kwayar rini da kuma adadin β-ethylsulfone sulfates. A lokaci guda, girman sinadarin rini, yawan sinadarin rini, yawan sinadarin rini da kuma karancin sinadarin hydrophilicity. Mafi karancin sinadarin rini. (Misali, rini na tsarin azo sun fi sinadarin hydrophilicity fiye da rini na tsarin heterocyclic.) Bugu da kari, girman sinadarin rini, yawan sinadarin rini, da kuma girman sinadarin rini, da kuma girman sinadarin rini, yawan sinadarin rini.

Narkewar rini mai amsawa
Za a iya raba shi kusan zuwa rukuni huɗu:

Ajin A, rini masu ɗauke da diethylsulfone sulfate (watau vinyl sulfone) da ƙungiyoyi uku masu amsawa (monochloros-triazine + divinyl sulfone) suna da mafi girman narkewa, kamar Yuan Qing B, Navy GG, Navy RGB, Golden: RNL Kuma duk baƙaƙen da ke amsawa da aka yi ta hanyar haɗa rini na Yuanqing B, rini na rukuni uku masu amsawa kamar nau'in ED, nau'in Ciba, da sauransu. Yawan narkewar waɗannan rini galibi kusan 400 g/L ne.

Aji na B, rini masu ɗauke da ƙungiyoyin heterobireactive (monochloros-triazine+vinylsulfone), kamar rawaya 3RS, ja 3BS, ja 6B, ja GWF, RR launuka uku na farko, RGB launuka uku na farko, da sauransu. Narkewar su ta dogara ne akan gram 200~300. Narkewar meta-ester ya fi na para-ester girma.

Nau'i na C: Shuɗin ruwan teku wanda kuma rukuni ne mai aiki iri ɗaya: BF, Shuɗin ruwan teku 3GF, Shuɗin ruwan teku 2GFN, Ja RBN, Ja F2B, da sauransu, saboda ƙarancin rukunin sulfonic acid ko babban nauyin kwayoyin halitta, ƙarfin narkewarsa kuma yana da ƙasa, 100-200 g/ Rise kawai. Aji na D: Rini masu rukunin monovinylsulfone da tsarin heterocyclic, tare da mafi ƙarancin narkewa, kamar Brilliant Blue KN-R, Turquoise Blue G, Bright Yellow 4GL, Violet 5R, Blue BRF, Brilliant Orange F2R, Brilliant Red F2G, da sauransu. Narkewar wannan nau'in rini kusan 100 g/L ne kawai. Wannan nau'in rini yana da matuƙar tasiri ga electrolytes. Da zarar wannan nau'in rini ya haɗu, ba ya buƙatar ma ya bi tsarin flocculation, yana fitar da gishiri kai tsaye.

A tsarin rini na yau da kullun, matsakaicin adadin mai haɓaka rini shine 80 g/L. Launuka masu duhu ne kawai ke buƙatar irin wannan babban yawan mai haɓaka rini. Idan yawan rini a cikin baho mai rini ya ƙasa da 10 g/L, yawancin rini masu amsawa har yanzu suna da kyakkyawan narkewa a wannan yawan kuma ba za su taru ba. Amma matsalar tana cikin baho. Dangane da tsarin rini na yau da kullun, ana ƙara rini da farko, kuma bayan an narkar da rini gaba ɗaya a cikin baho mai rini don ya zama iri ɗaya, ana ƙara mai haɓaka rini. Mai haɓaka rini yana kammala tsarin narkewa a cikin baho.

Yi aiki bisa ga tsari mai zuwa

Zato: yawan rini shine kashi 5%, rabon giya shine 1:10, nauyin zane shine 350Kg (ruwa biyu na bututu), matakin ruwa shine 3.5T, sodium sulfate shine 60 g/lita, jimlar adadin sodium sulfate shine 200Kg (jimillar fakiti 50Kg/fakiti 4)) (Iyakar tankin kayan gabaɗaya shine kusan lita 450). A cikin tsarin narkar da sodium sulfate, ana amfani da ruwan reflux na akwatin rini sau da yawa. Ruwan reflux yana ɗauke da rini da aka ƙara a baya. Gabaɗaya, ana fara saka ruwan reflux mai lita 300 a cikin akwatin, sannan a zuba fakiti biyu na sodium sulfate (kilogiram 100).

Matsalar ita ce, yawancin rini za su haɗu zuwa matakai daban-daban a wannan yawan sodium sulfate. Daga cikinsu, nau'in C zai yi tauri sosai, kuma rini na D ba wai kawai za a haɗa shi ba, har ma za a fitar da gishiri. Duk da cewa mai aiki na gaba zai bi hanyar don sake cika maganin sodium sulfate a cikin rini a hankali a cikin rini ta hanyar babban famfon zagayawa. Amma rini a cikin lita 300 na maganin sodium sulfate ya samar da flocs har ma an cire gishiri.

Idan aka cika dukkan ruwan da ke cikin akwatin rini a cikin akwatin rini, za a ga cewa akwai wani yanki na barbashi mai mai a bangon akwatin rini da kuma ƙasan akwatin rini. Idan aka goge waɗannan barbashi na rini aka saka su cikin ruwa mai tsabta, yawanci yana da wahala. Sai a sake narkewa. A gaskiya ma, lita 300 na ruwan da ke shiga akwatin rini duk haka suke.

Ka tuna cewa akwai fakiti biyu na Yuanming Powder waɗanda za su narke su sake cika su a cikin rini ta wannan hanyar. Bayan haka, tabo, tabo, da tabo za su faru, kuma ƙarfin launi yana raguwa sosai saboda rini a saman, koda kuwa babu wani flocculation ko salting a bayyane. Ga Aji A da Aji B waɗanda ke da yawan narkewa, tarin rini suma zai faru. Duk da cewa waɗannan rini ba su riga sun samar da flocculations ba, aƙalla wani ɓangare na rini sun riga sun samar da agglomerates.

Waɗannan tarin suna da wahalar shiga cikin zare. Domin yankin rashin tsari na zare na auduga yana ba da damar shiga da yaɗuwar rini na mono-ion kawai. Babu tarin da zai iya shiga yankin rashin tsari na zare. Ana iya shanye shi ne kawai a saman zare. Karfin launi zai ragu sosai, kuma tabon launi da tabo suma za su faru a cikin mawuyacin hali.

Matsayin maganin rini mai amsawa yana da alaƙa da wakilan alkaline

Idan aka ƙara sinadarin alkali, sinadarin β-ethylsulfone sulfate na rini mai amsawa zai fuskanci aikin kawar da sinadarai don samar da sinadarin vinyl sulfone na gaske, wanda yake narkewa sosai a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Tunda aikin kawar da sinadarai yana buƙatar ƙarancin sinadaran alkali, (sau da yawa yana ɗaukar ƙasa da kashi 1/10 na yawan sinadaran da ake amfani da su), yawan adadin alkali da ake ƙarawa, ƙarin launuka da ke kawar da sinadaran. Da zarar aikin kawar da sinadarai ya faru, ƙarfin rini zai ragu.

Wannan sinadarin alkali shi ma yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma yana ɗauke da sinadarin sodium ions. Saboda haka, yawan sinadarin alkali zai sa rini da ya samar da sinadarin vinyl sulfone ya haɗu ko ma ya fitar da gishiri. Matsalar iri ɗaya tana faruwa a cikin tankin kayan. Lokacin da aka narkar da sinadarin alkali (misali, ash ɗin soda), idan aka yi amfani da maganin reflux. A wannan lokacin, ruwan reflux ya riga ya ƙunshi sinadarin hanzarta rini da rini a cikin yawan aikin da aka saba. Duk da cewa wani ɓangare na rini yana iya ƙarewa da zare, aƙalla fiye da kashi 40% na sauran rini yana cikin ruwan rini. A ce an zuba fakitin tokar soda yayin aiki, kuma yawan tokar soda a cikin tankin ya wuce 80 g/L. Ko da mai haɓaka rini a cikin ruwan reflux ya kai 80 g/L a wannan lokacin, rini a cikin tankin shi ma zai taru. Rini na C da D na iya ma fitar da gishiri, musamman ga rini na D, koda kuwa yawan tokar soda ya faɗi zuwa 20 g/l, fitar da gishiri a gida zai faru. Daga cikinsu, Brilliant Blue KN.R, Turquoise Blue G, da Supervisor BRF sune suka fi saurin kamuwa da cutar.

Haɗa rini ko ma cire gishiri ba yana nufin cewa an yi amfani da rini gaba ɗaya ba. Idan haɗa rini ne ko kuma cire gishiri sakamakon wani abu mai ƙara ruwa, za a iya sake yin rini muddin za a iya sake narkar da shi. Amma don sake narkar da shi, ya zama dole a ƙara isasshen adadin mai taimakawa rini (kamar urea 20 g/l ko fiye), kuma ya kamata a ɗaga zafin zuwa 90°C ko fiye da haka tare da isasshen juyawa. Babu shakka yana da matuƙar wahala a cikin aikin da ake yi.
Domin hana rini daga taruwa ko kuma yin gishiri a cikin kwalba, dole ne a yi amfani da tsarin rini na canja wuri wajen yin launuka masu zurfi da kuma tattarawa ga rini na C da D waɗanda ba su da isasshen narkewa, da kuma rini na A da B.

Aikin tsari da bincike

1. Yi amfani da akwatin rini don mayar da mai saurin rini sannan a dumama shi a cikin akwatin don ya narke (60~80℃). Tunda babu rini a cikin ruwan sabo, mai saurin rini ba shi da alaƙa da masakar. Ana iya cika mai saurin rini da aka narke cikin akwatin rini da sauri.

2. Bayan an zagaya ruwan gishirin na tsawon mintuna 5, ruwan rini yana da cikakken daidaito, sannan a ƙara ruwan rini da aka narkar a gaba. Ya kamata a narkar da ruwan rini da ruwan rini, saboda yawan ruwan rini a cikin ruwan rini gram 80/L ne kawai, rini ba zai taru ba. A lokaci guda, saboda ruwan rini ba zai shafi rini ba (wanda yake da ƙarancin yawan rini), matsalar rini za ta taso. A wannan lokacin, ruwan rini ba ya buƙatar sarrafa shi da lokaci don cike rini, kuma yawanci ana kammala shi cikin mintuna 10-15.

3. Ya kamata a yi amfani da sinadarin alkaline gwargwadon iko, musamman ga rini na C da D. Saboda wannan nau'in rini yana da matukar tasiri ga sinadaran alkaline a gaban masu kara rini, yawan narkewar sinadaran alkaline yana da yawa (rashin narkewar tokar soda a 60°C shine 450 g/L). Ruwan tsafta da ake buƙata don narkar da sinadarin alkaline ba ya buƙatar ya yi yawa, amma saurin ƙara maganin alkaline yana buƙatar ya yi daidai da buƙatun tsari, kuma gabaɗaya ya fi kyau a ƙara shi ta hanyar ƙarawa.

4. Ga rini na divinyl sulfone a cikin rukuni na A, yawan amsawar yana da yawa saboda suna da matuƙar sauƙin kamuwa da sinadarai masu ɗauke da alkaline a zafin jiki na 60°C. Domin hana canza launi nan take da kuma rashin daidaiton launi, za ku iya ƙara 1/4 na sinadaran alkaline a ƙananan zafin jiki kafin a fara amfani da su.

A tsarin rini na canja wuri, sinadarin alkali ne kawai ke buƙatar sarrafa yawan ciyarwa. Tsarin rini na canja wuri ba wai kawai yana aiki ga hanyar dumama ba, har ma yana aiki ga hanyar zafin da ke ci gaba. Hanyar zafin da ke ci gaba zai iya ƙara narkewar rini da kuma hanzarta yaɗuwa da shigar rini. Yawan kumburin yankin da ba shi da tsari na zare a 60°C ya ninka na 30°C sau biyu. Saboda haka, tsarin zafin da ke ci gaba ya fi dacewa da cuku, hank. Hasken warp sun haɗa da hanyoyin rini tare da ƙarancin rabon giya, kamar rini na jig, wanda ke buƙatar yawan shiga da yaɗuwa ko kuma yawan rini mai yawa.

Lura cewa sodium sulfate da ake samu a kasuwa a wasu lokutan yana da ɗan alkaline kaɗan, kuma ƙimar PH ɗinsa na iya kaiwa 9-10. Wannan yana da haɗari sosai. Idan ka kwatanta tsantsar sodium sulfate da tsantsar gishiri, gishiri yana da tasiri mafi girma akan tarin rini fiye da sodium sulfate. Wannan saboda daidai yake da sodium ions a cikin gishirin tebur ya fi na sodium sulfate a nauyi ɗaya.

Tarin rini yana da alaƙa da ingancin ruwa. Gabaɗaya, ion na calcium da magnesium ƙasa da 150ppm ba zai yi tasiri sosai kan tarin rini ba. Duk da haka, ion na ƙarfe masu nauyi a cikin ruwa, kamar ion na ferric da ion na aluminum, gami da wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na algae, za su hanzarta tarin rini. Misali, idan yawan ion na ferric a cikin ruwa ya wuce 20 ppm, ikon hana haɗin kai na rini na iya raguwa sosai, kuma tasirin algae ya fi tsanani.

An haɗa shi da gwajin juriya na rini na hana ambaliya da kuma fitar da gishiri:

Kaddara ta 1: A auna 0.5 g na rini, 25 g na sodium sulfate ko gishiri, sannan a narkar da shi a cikin ruwa mai tsafta 100 ml a zafin jiki na 25°C na kimanin mintuna 5. Yi amfani da bututun digo don tsotsar maganin sannan a sauke digo 2 a lokaci guda a kan takardar tacewa.

Kaddara ta 2: A auna 0.5 g na rini, 8 g na sodium sulfate ko gishiri da 8 g na tokar soda, sannan a narke shi a cikin 100 ml na ruwa mai tsafta a kusan 25°C na kimanin mintuna 5. A yi amfani da digo don tsotse ruwan a kan takardar tacewa akai-akai. Digo 2.

Ana iya amfani da hanyar da ke sama don kawai a tantance ikon hana tsagewa da kuma kawar da gishiri na rini, kuma a zahiri za a iya tantance tsarin rini da ya kamata a yi amfani da shi.