A matsayin wani muhimmin sashi na sabbin masana'antar kayan, sabon masana'antar kayan aikin sinadari sabon fanni ne da ke da kuzari da yuwuwar ci gaba a cikin masana'antar sinadarai.Manufofin irin su "Shirin Shekaru Biyar na 14" da "Tsarin Carbon Biyu" duk sun jagoranci fasahar tasirin masana'antu.

Sabbin kayan sinadarai sun haɗa da sinadarin fluorine, silicon Organic, ceton makamashi, kariyar muhalli, sinadarai na lantarki, tawada da sauran sabbin kayan.Suna nufin waɗanda aka haɓaka a halin yanzu kuma suna ƙarƙashin haɓaka waɗanda ke da kyakkyawan aiki ko wasu ayyuka na musamman waɗanda kayan sinadarai na gargajiya ba su da su.Na sabbin kayan sinadarai.Sabbin kayan sinadarai suna da sararin aikace-aikace a fannonin motoci, zirga-zirgar jiragen ƙasa, sufurin jiragen sama, bayanan lantarki, kayan aiki masu tsayi, ceton makamashi da kare muhalli, kayan aikin likita, da gine-ginen birane.

Babban nau'ikan sabbin kayan sinadarai
An rarraba shi bisa ga Kategorien Litungiyoyi, sabbin kayan sunadarai sun haɗa da rukuni uku: ɗayan sune samfuran kayan kwalliya na gargajiya, ɗayan na uku shine sabbin kayan aikin sunadarai, da na uku shine kayan sakanikai da aka samar ta hanyar sarrafawa ta sakandare (babban Ƙarshen sutura, manyan mannewa) , Kayan aikin membrane na aiki, da dai sauransu).

Sabbin kayan sinadarai galibi sun haɗa da robobin injiniya da gami da kayan aikin polymer, kayan aikin silicon, Organic fluorine, fibers na musamman, kayan hadewa, kayan sinadarai na lantarki, kayan sinadarai na Nano, roba na musamman, polyurethane, polyolefins mai girma, rufi na musamman, na musamman A can. sun fi nau'o'i goma da suka haɗa da manne da ƙari na musamman.

Manufar ita ce ke haifar da sabbin kayan aikin sinadarai na fasaha
An fara samar da sabbin kayayyakin sinadarai a kasar Sin tun daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 1960, kuma an gabatar da manufofin tallafi da ka'idoji da suka dace a jere don samar da yanayi mai kyau ga sabbin masana'antun sarrafa sinadarai na kasar Sin.Tun daga farkon karni na 21, binciken da kasar Sin ta yi kan sabbin kayayyakin sinadarai ya kasance Ci gaban da aka samu ya samu nasarar gudanar da bincike da dama, kuma an yi nasarar amfani da sabbin kayayyakin da aka samar a fannoni da dama, kuma sun kawo albishir ga bunkasuwar masana'antu da dama. a kasar Sin.

Binciken "Shirin Shekaru Biyar na 14" da ke da alaƙa da shirye-shiryen fasaha don sabbin masana'antar kayan sinadarai

Fuskantar "Shirin Shekaru Biyar na 14", bisa la'akari da matsalolin da masana'antun ke fuskantar ƙananan ƙararraki, tsarin da ba shi da ma'ana, ƙananan fasaha na asali, rashin goyon baya ga fasaha na yau da kullum, da kuma fasahar fasaha da wasu ke sarrafa su, Sabuwar Ƙirƙirar Masana'antu ta Material Innovation. Dandalin Ci gaba ya ƙudura don gyara kurakurai, haɓaka aiki, da haɓaka aikace-aikace., Kula da mahimman ayyuka a gaba guda huɗu.

A bisa tsarin "Jagorar ci gaba na shekaru 15 na sabuwar masana'antar sarrafa sinadarai" da kungiyar masana'antun man fetur da sinadarai ta kasar Sin ta fitar a watan Mayun shekarar 2021, an shirya cewa, a lokacin "shirin shekaru biyar na 14 na shekaru biyar", sabon sinadari na kasata. Babban kudin shiga na kasuwanci na masana'antu da kafaffen jarin kadara Tsayar da saurin bunƙasa da yin ƙoƙari don cimma manyan masana'antu da banbance-banbance nan da shekarar 2025, tare da sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a hanyoyin ci gaba da ingantaccen ingantaccen ayyukan tattalin arziki.

Binciken fasahar fasahar sabbin masana'antar sinadarai ta hanyar dabarun tsaka-tsakin carbon da hawan carbon

A haƙiƙa, dabarar carbon-carbon dual-carbon tana ci gaba da inganta tsarin masana'antu tare da haɓaka matakin fasaha na masana'antu ta hanyar haɓakawa tare da ƙuntatawa, da haɓaka haɓakar tattalin arziƙin cikin ingantacciyar hanya mai dorewa.Ta hanyar nazarin canjin tsarin samarwa da buƙatun samfuran sinadarai, bayyana tasirin tuƙi na wannan dabarun akan sabbin masana'antar kayan sinadarai.

Tasirin makasudin carbon dual shine galibi don haɓaka samarwa da ƙirƙirar buƙata.Inganta wadata yana kunshe ne a cikin matsawa ƙarfin samar da baya da ƙarfafa sabbin matakai.Sabuwar ƙarfin samar da mafi yawan samfuran sinadarai yana da iyakancewa sosai, musamman yawan amfani da makamashi da yawan hayaƙi a cikin masana'antar sinadarai ta gargajiya.Don haka, ana amfani da samar da sabbin kayan sinadarai da za'a iya maye gurbinsu da kuma amfani da sabbin abubuwa masu kara kuzari don haɓaka ƙimar amfani da albarkatun ƙasa da haɓaka iskar gas.Rage iskar carbon kuma a hankali maye gurbin ƙarfin samar da baya da ake da shi.

Misali, sabuwar fasahar DMTO-III ta Cibiyar Fasaha ta Fasaha ta Dalian ba kawai rage yawan amfani da methanol zuwa ton 2.66 ba, sabon mai kara kuzari kuma yana kara yawan amfanin gonakin monomers na olefin, yana guje wa matakin fasa C4/C5, kuma kai tsaye yana rage carbon. iskar oxygen.Bugu da kari, sabuwar fasaha ta BASF ta maye gurbin iskar gas a matsayin tushen zafi don fashewar tururi na ethylene tare da sabon tanderu mai dumama lantarki, wanda zai iya rage fitar da iskar carbon dioxide da kashi 90%.

Ƙirƙirar buƙatu kuma yana da ma'ana guda biyu: ɗaya shine faɗaɗa buƙatar aikace-aikacen sabbin kayan sinadarai da ake da su, ɗayan kuma shine maye gurbin tsoffin kayan da sabbin kayan da ke da alaƙa da muhalli da ƙarancin iskar carbon.Na farko yana ɗaukar sabon makamashi a matsayin misali.Sabbin motocin makamashi suna amfani da adadi mai yawa na kayan kamar thermoplastic elastomers, wanda kai tsaye yana ƙara buƙatar sabbin kayan sinadarai masu alaƙa.A ƙarshe, maye gurbin tsoffin kayan da sabbin kayan ba zai ƙara yawan adadin buƙatun ƙarshen ba, kuma ƙari zai shafi amfani da albarkatun ƙasa.Misali, bayan inganta robobi masu lalacewa, amfani da fina-finan roba na gargajiya ya ragu.

Jagoran ci gaban fasaha na mahimman wuraren sabbin kayan sinadarai
Akwai nau'ikan sabbin kayan sinadarai da yawa.Dangane da ma'auni na masana'antar kayan da aka raba da kuma matakin gasa, sabbin kayan sinadarai sun kasu kashi uku manyan nau'ikan fasahohi da filayen aikace-aikacen su: kayan aikin polymer na ci gaba, kayan haɗaɗɗun manyan ayyuka, da sabbin kayan sinadarai na inorganic.

Advanced polymer kayan fasaha

Manyan kayan aikin polymer sun haɗa da roba silicone, fluoroelastomer, polycarbonate, silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, robobi na biodegradable, polyurethane, da membranes musanya ion, da nau'ikan ƙananan sassa daban-daban.Shahararrun fasahohi na ƙananan rukunoni an taƙaita su kuma an bincika su.Fasahar kayan fasaha ta kasar Sin ta ci gaba tana da rarraba da yawa da aikace-aikace masu yawa.Daga cikin su, filaye na kwayoyin polymer mahadi da kayan aikin lantarki na asali suna aiki sosai.

Abubuwan haɗaɗɗen ayyuka masu girma

Wuraren bincike na masana'antar kayan haɗin gwiwar manyan ayyuka na kasar Sin sune mahadi na polymer kwayoyin halitta, kayan aikin lantarki na yau da kullun, da hanyoyin jiki ko na sinadarai gabaɗaya, suna lissafin kusan 50%;Ana amfani da kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta azaman sinadaran, kuma hanyoyi ko na'urorin da ake amfani da su don canza makamashin sinadarai kai tsaye zuwa makamashin lantarki suna aiki sosai a fasaha.

Sabbin kayan sinadaran inorganic

A halin yanzu, sabbin kayan sinadarai na inorganic sun haɗa da graphene, fullerene, phosphoric acid na lantarki da sauran nau'ikan nau'ikan.Koyaya, gabaɗaya, haɓaka sabbin fasahohin kayan sinadarai na inorganic suna da ƙarfi sosai, kuma wuraren da ke aiki na fasahar haƙƙin mallaka sun ta'allaka ne a cikin kayan aikin lantarki na yau da kullun, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, sunadarai na inorganic da sauran fannoni.

A lokacin "tsari na shekaru biyar na 14", jihar ta tsara manufofin da suka dace don karfafawa da jagorantar saurin bunkasuwar sabbin masana'antu na sinadarai, kuma sabbin masana'antar sarrafa sinadarai ta zama daya daga cikin yankunan da kasuwannin kasar Sin ke bunkasa da kyau a halin yanzu. .Binciken na gaba ya yi imanin cewa, ga sababbin masana'antun kayan aikin sinadarai, a gefe guda, manufofi suna jagorantar jagorancin ci gaban fasaha na sababbin masana'antun kayan aikin sinadarai, a gefe guda kuma, manufofin suna da kyau ga ci gaban sabbin kayan sinadarai. masana'antu, sa'an nan kuma inganta zamantakewar jama'a don haɓaka ingantaccen bincike da haɓaka sabbin fasahar kayan sinadarai.Tare da zuba jarurruka, ayyukan fasaha na sababbin masana'antun sinadarai suna da sauri da sauri.